1. Intrusive vs. Extrusive Igneous Rocks
Intrusive igneous rocks from when magma cools slowly under the Earth’s surface.
Large crystals
Extrusive igneous rocks from when the magma cools quickly on the Earth’s surface.
Very small crystals

2. What is a metamorphic rock?
Formed when buried rock is changed under high temperature and pressure
Rock doesn’t melt. Instead, new minerals grow and the rock remains solid.
Gneiss

3. Metamorphic Rocks – Characteristics
Layering is common in metamorphic rocks
Different layers are made up of different minerals
Often made of plates and flaky layers

4. Foliated vs. Nonfoliated Metamorphic rocks
Foliated metamorphic rocks has a banded or layered appearance
Nonfoliated metamorphic rocks does not have a banded texture

5. What are sedimentary Rocks?
Fossilierous limestone
Produced through the process of weathering
Large rocks broken down into smaller pieces and transported by wind, water, and ice.
Conglomerate

6. Sedimentary Rocks – Characteristics
Often contain layers
Look for grains in the rock
May contain fossils
Shale w/ plant fossils

7. What is the rock cycle?
Continuous process undergone by rocks in the Earth’s crust, by which rocks are created, changed from one form to another, destroyed, and then formed again.
Processes of the rock cycle gradual and happens over times that range from thousands to millions of years or longer.

8. The Rock Cycle

9. What drives the rock Cycle?
Heat from the Earth’s interior are responsible for forming both igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks.
Weathering and the movement of weathered materials are surface processes powered by energy from the sun.

10. What terms do you need to know about Earth’s processes?
Weathering is a process by which rocks are broken down due to exposure to processes occurring on Earth’s surface.
Erosion is the removal and transport of weathered materials by natural agents
Deposition is the process of dropping or depositing solid and sediments.