1. New France and New Spain
Chapter 3 – Pp

2. Learning Objectives France Takes Control of the Heart of the Continent
Developments in Spanish North America

3. Early French Settlement
Late in the 1500s, the beaver pelt trade emerged to compete with the cod trade in North America.
Millions of beaver pelts were shipped across the Atlantic each year.
Competition between French- and English- backed tribes led to escalated violence.

4. Early French Settlement
Quebec was founded in 1608 by Samuel de Champlain as a representative of a private fur company.
With only 28 men, he joined the Montagnais and Huron in a war vs. the Iroquois
This established their alliance, and the Huron allowed him to travel further west, into the Great Lakes.
After 1612 he was appointed he Viceroy of New France.
Montreal was settled in 1642 to expand trade.

6. Early French Settlement
Jesuit missionaries began to arrive, live among the Hurons, and quietly convert them to Catholic Christianity.
New France was as Catholic as the English colonies were Protestant.
In the late 1640s, New France came close to destruction at the hands of the Iroquois, who overran Huron villages.
The Hurons disappeared as a culture after that, and were replaced by the Algonquians as the major French allies in the fur trade.

7. Mississippi River Valley
Louis XIV made New France a royal province in 1663, sending 1,000 French troops to protect Quebec and Montreal.
In 1673, the governor sent Louis Joliet and Fr. Jacques Marquette to find what the Indians called Mitchisipi, or “Great Water.”
They were welcomed by the Illinois tribe and enjoyed a great feast.

8. Mississippi River Valley
They realized the river led to the Gulf of Mexico, and not to the Pacific as they had hoped.
They turned back, and Robert La Salle was sent with a much larger force to explore the river valley.
Reaching the Gulf in 1682, he turned west as far as Texas, where he was murdered by his men.

9. The Gulf Coast
In the late 1600’s – early 1700’s, Pierre D’Ibreville was sent to explore and secure the Gulf Coast for France.
He established Biloxi, Mobile, and New Orleans.
New Orleans saw land speculation, similar to Virginia, but little immigration. Most settlers were criminals and prostitutes.

10. The Gulf Coast
Most slaves brought to New Orleans were originally from Senegal.
If not themselves Muslim, they were familiar with Islamic culture and Muslim music.
This music became part of the culture of New Orleans.
The slaves at New Orleans grew indigo, rice, and sugar.

11. The Pueblo Revolt
August of 1680 saw an uprising of Pueblo Indians in and around Santa Fe.
They killed all the white people outside the urban area. Survivors ran to the city.
The city’s water supply was cut off, and Santa Fe was held under siege.
On August 21, Governor Antonio de Otermin fled to Mexico with the survivors.

12. The Pueblo Revolt
The causes were the similar to elsewhere: -European cultural colonialism -Forced religious conversion -Forced labor -Suppression of native religions
Indian leaders took over the governor’s mansion, burned churches, and toppled statues.
It took the Spanish 12 years to regain control – a record for native revolt.

13. San Antonio, Tejas, California
In response to French and English colonies in North America, the Spanish built San Antonio.
To oppose Russian expansion, they established San Diego, and created a string of missions from there to San Francisco.