1. Symbolic messages from repressed areas of our minds.
3) Psychoanalytic View.
Symbolic messages from repressed
areas of our minds.
Dream Interpretation
Psychoanalytic symbols.
Manifest content vs. latent content
sleep/hypnosis

2. Module 9 Hypnosis When you're under hypnosis: increase in absorption.
focused attention.
disattention to extraneous stimuli.
reduction in spontaneous thought.
sleep/hypnosis

3. Social-Influence Theory of Hypnosis
Theory that powerful social influences produce a state of hypnosis.
Physiological state does not change under hypnosis.
Is Hypnosis just a placebo effect?
Eich (1989) when subjects led to believe they were hypnotized when they were not they acted then same as when hypnotized.
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4. Divided Consciousness View
Dissociation – a split between different levels of consciousness (i.e., blocking neural input from conscious awareness).
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5. Stroop Effect
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6. Raz (2005) selected highly hypnotizable subjects and a control group of 'resistant' subjects. They were given the post hypnotic suggestion that when they entered a brain scanner (fMRI) and heard his voice some days later, the words they saw before them would appear as nonsense and they were only to report on the colors of the words.
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7. Resistant showed Stroop, hypnotized did not
Resistant showed Stroop, hypnotized did not. Hypnotized reported that the words did indeed appear to be gibberish.
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8. Comparing brain scans, Raz found that in the first group, the area of the brain responsible for decoding written words was suppressed as was the activity of the anterior cingulate cortex one of whose functions is conflict resolution. This did not occur in the “resistant” group.
sleep/hypnosis

9. Pain Relief - Two components Physical (parietal) response –no change
Hypnotic Pain Relief
Pain Relief - Two components
Physical (parietal) response –no change
Emotional (frontal) response –decreased
sleep/hypnosis