1. Artificial States of Consciousness
Hypnosis
Meditation
Psychoactive Drugs

2. Hypnosis ---Posthypnotic amnesia ---Posthypnotic suggestions
Hypermnesia

3. Hypnosis
Social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts or behaviors will spontaneously occur
Relaxed state

4. Hypnosis is not a state of unconsciousness, nor is it complete mind control
Hypnosis is a heightened state of awareness & relaxation, combined with a large degree of openness to suggestion

5. Hypnotic Suggestibility
Related to subject’s openness to suggestion
Ability to focus attention inwardly
Ability to become imaginatively absorbed

6. Can you be hypnotized?
Imagine you are holding in your hand a lemon. A bright yellow lemon with shiny, puckered skin.
Bring it up to your nose and inhale the citrus smell.
Take your other hand and peel back a big piece of the skin to expose the white pith and the juicy fruit underneath.
Now bring the lemon up to your mouth and bite right down into it, sucking in all the juices….
Salivating? If you are Like most people, you probably started salivating once I asked you to imagine a lemon in your hand. You have just used the power of your mind to create a physical change in your body in about 15 seconds. 

7. Posthypnotic Amnesia
Supposed inability to recall experiences during hypnosis
Induced by the hypnotist’s suggestion

8. Posthypnotic Suggestion
Suggestion to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized
Used by some to control undesired symptoms and behaviors

9. You Are Getting Sleepy…
Hypermnesia
“supposed” enhancement of a person’s memory for past events through a hypnotic suggestion
You Are Getting Sleepy…

10. Can hypnosis enhance recall of forgotten events?
Age regression therapy (the ability to re-live childhood memories) is very limited in its effectiveness…..
age regressed people may act as they think a a 6-year old would, but most often they combine new memories and fantasy with what may have been reality

11. Can hypnosis force people to act against their will?
Hypnotee is aware of everything the hypnotist says at all times while they are experiencing hypnosis.
Hypnotic suggestions cannot make you do anything against your morals, religion, or self-preservation.
An authoritative person in a legitimate context can induce people, hypnotized or not, to perform some unlikely acts

12. Can hypnosis alleviate pain?
Dissociation is a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others
IE. An unhypnotized patient will feel the pain of an ice bath in less than 25 seconds. A hypnotized patient will feel the cold, but not the pain, though their sensory systems will register the activity is present

13. Help Through Hypnosis Reduce pain Reduce stress
Improve concentration and motivation
Modify behavior in eating disorders
Suppress the gag reflex (dentist)
Eliminate recurring nightmares
….much more!

14. Meditation
Any one of a number of sustained concentration techniques that focus attention and heighten awareness

15. Two Forms of Meditation
All forms of meditation have the goal of controlling or retraining attention
Concentration Techniques
Mantra (focus)
Opening Up Techniques
Quiet awareness of the here and now

16. Drug-Altered Consciousness
Psychoactive Drugs- change moods and perceptions

17. Substance Abuse
Recurrent substance use that results in disruption of academic, social or occupational functioning or in legal or psychological problems

18. Physical Dependence
A condition in which a person has physically adapted to a drug so that he or she must take the drug regularly in order to avoid withdrawal symptoms

19. Tolerance
Increasing amounts of a physically addictive drug are needed to produce the original, desired effect

20. Drug Drug dose Big Response to first exposure After repeated
Small
Large
Drug dose
Little
effect
Big
Drug
Response to
first exposure
After repeated
exposure, more
drug is needed
to produce
same effect

21. Withdrawal Symptoms
Unpleasant physical reactions, combined with intense drug cravings
Occur when abstaining from a drug when physically dependent

22. Withdrawal symptoms are opposite to the drugs action
Drug Rebound Effect
Withdrawal symptoms are opposite to the drugs action

23. Do I Have A Drug Problem?
Dependence is defined as exhibiting three of the following seven symptoms over a 12-month period of time

24. Developing tolerance
Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when attempting to stop
Using a substance for a longer period, or in greater quantities, than originally intended
Making repeated attempts to stop or cut-back on drug usage

25. Devoting a great deal of time attempting to obtain or use a substance
Giving up or reducing social, occupational, or recreational activities as a result of drug use
Continuing to use a substance even after negative physical or psychological effects have occurred, or will continue to occur with usage

26. Depressants Alcohol- widely used, abuse common
drugs that reduce neural activity
slow body function
Depressants
Alcohol- widely used, abuse common
Barbiturates- sedation meds
Tranquilizers - Valium

27. Pain Killers/Opiates Mimics endorphines
Opiates- mostly illegal, produce euphoria alters the brains reaction to pain
Opium
Morphine
Heroin – the most frequently abused opiate

28. Excite neural activity speed up body function
Stimulants
Excite neural activity
speed up body function
produce feelings of optimism, energy, arouse behavior, and increase mental awareness
stimulates the cerebral cortex

29. Stimulants
Caffeine- widely used, addictive
Nicotine- widely used, addictive
Amphetamines- euphoria/crash
Cocaine

30. IE. Cocaine
Cocaine blocks the reuptake of dopamine (pleasure), norepinepherine (energy), and serotonin (arousal), so the feelings generated by those neurotransmitters intensifies as they linger in the synapse longer

32. Psychedelics/Hallucinogens
Distort perceptions & evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
LSD- psychotic state
Marijuana- cannabis plant, THC similar to LSD
Mescaline
Peyote

33. Why is marijuana considered a hallucinogen?
It relaxes, disinhibits, and may cause a euphoric high like alcohol, but it may also amplify sensitivity to colors, sounds, tastes, and smells

35. Drug Type Pleasurable Effects Adverse Effects
Alcohol Depressant Initial high followed by Depression, memory loss, organ
relaxation and disinhibition damage, impaired reactions
Heroin Depressant Rush of euphoria, relief from Depressed physiology,
pain agonizing withdrawal
Caffeine Stimulant Increased alertness and Anxiety, restlessness, and
wakefulness insomnia in high doses;
uncomfortable withdrawal
Metham Stimulant Euphoria, alertness, energy Irritability, insomnia,
phetamine hypertension, seizures
Cocaine Stimulant Rush of euphoria, confidence, Cardiovascular stress,
energy suspiciousness,
depressive crash
Nicotine Stimulant Arousal and relaxation, sense Heart disease, cancer (from of well-being tars)
Marijuana Mild Enhanced sensation, pain relief Lowered sex hormones, hallucinogen distortion of time, relaxation memory, lung damage from smoke