1. The Urinary System

2. Kidney Functions
Your kidneys filter 200 liters of your blood daily, allowing urinary excretion of toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions
Kidneys also regulate the volume and chemical makeup of the blood
Kidneys maintain homeostatic balance between water and salts, and acids and bases

3. Associated excretory organs & functions
Urinary bladder – urine reservoir
2 ureters – urine transportation to bladder from kidneys
Urethra – urine transport from bladder to outside world

4. Tissue layers supporting the kidney
Renal capsule – fibrous capsule that prevents kidney infection
Adipose capsule – fatty mass that cushions the kidney and attaches it to the body wall
Renal fascia – outer layer of dense fibrous tissue that anchors the kidney

5. Major parts of the kidney and their function
Cortex - the light colored, granular superficial region
Medulla - exhibits cone-shaped medullary (renal) pyramids

7. Major parts of the kidney and their function continued
Renal pelvis - flat, funnel-shaped tube lateral to the hilum within the renal sinus
A hilum is part of an organ where structures such as blood vessels and nerves enter.
The hilum of kidney is the medial depression for blood vessels and ureter to enter the kidney chamber
(admits the renal artery, vein, ureter, and nerves)

9. Urinary infections UTIs
Pyelitis - Acute inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney, caused by bacterial infection.
the renal pelvis, the central part of the kidney is where urine accumulates before discharge.
It is more common in women than in men.

10. Pyelonephritis
pyelonephritis is when a urinary tract infection has reached the pyelum (pelvis) of the kidney
Symptoms include:
Loin pain, often severe
Fever and shivers
Blood-stained urine
Foul-smelling and cloudy urine
Painful and frequent urination
Nausea and vomiting

11. Volume of blood filtered daily
200 liters!
The kidneys filter the body’s entire plasma volume 60 times each day

12. Parts of the nephron A normal kidney contains 800,000 to one million nephrons
Renal corpuscle consists of
Glomerulus – a tuft of capillaries associated with a renal tubule
Bowman’s capsule – a cup-like sac that houses the glomerulus

13. Glomerulus inside Bowman’s capsule together called Renal Corpuscle

14. Renal Tubule
PCT - Proximal convoluted tubule – reabsorbs water and solutes from filtrate & secretes substances into it
Loop of Henle – part of the PCT that is hairpin shaped
DCT - Distal convoluted tubule – functions more for secretion than reabsorption

16. Renal Tubule continued Collecting tubule and collecting duct
Receive filtrate from many tubules giving a striped appearance
As collecting ducts reach renal pelvis, fuse to form large papillary ducts
Ducts deliver urine into minor calyces via papillae of pyramids