1. AMA 173 - Anatomy & Physiology/Medical Terminology/Pathology 4 Urinary and Male Reproductive Systems

2. Urinary System
Function: kidneys remove nitrogenous wastes (urea, creatinine and uric acid) from bloodstream and excrete these (also composed of water, salts and acids) in the form of urine via the ureters, bladder and urethra

4. Anatomy of the Urinary System
Kidneys: bean shaped and fist sized; filter blood, reabsorb essential substances (water, sugar, salts) and excrete waste in the form of urine
Ureters: tubes that carry urine to the bladder
Bladder: muscular sac that holds urine temporarily, contains sphincters that hold the urine until pressure increases
Urethra: after voluntary relaxation of the sphincter muscles, urine passes from the bladder, through the urethra and the urinary meatus (external opening) out of the body

6. Anatomy of the Kidney
Glomerulus: collection of capillaries or blood vessels; initial stage of filtration occurs here
Bowman Capsule: cup-like structure that surrounds glomerulus, collects wastes materials
Renal Tubule: wastes pass through from Bowman capsule and these tubules reabsorb the essential substances
Nephron: combination of renal tubule and glomerulus; there are more than 1 million nephrons in a kidney
Renal Pelvis: tubules empty into this area of the kidney to collect wastes in the calyces
Calyx: small cup-like regions in the renal pelvis; hold the waste or urine to be release via the ureters to the bladder

10. Male Reproductive System
Function: produces and releases spermatozoa for fertilization with the female ovum and releases testosterone for the production of male bodily characteristics such as beard, pubic hair and deeper voice

11. Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System
Testes: male gonad
Scrotum: sack that encloses testicles
Perineum: area between the anus and the scrotum
Seminiferous Tubules: inside testes, produce spermatozoa and testosterone
Epididymis: large tube that stores spermatozoa; runs down the length of each testicle and is about 16 feet long
Vas Deferens: carries sperm from epididymis to the seminal vesicles
Seminal Vesicles: glands at the base of the bladder that secrete seminal fluid to lubricate the sperm so that they may remain motile

12. Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System continued:
Ejaculatory Duct: tube that leads to the urethra; carries semen to the urethra
Urethra: tube that carries urine or semen out of the penis
Prostate Gland: secretes fluid that aids in the motility of sperm, has a muscle that aids in ejaculation
Bulbourethral Glands: also secrete fluid into the urethra
Penis: external male sexual organ, contains muscles and blood vessels and the urethra
Glans Penis: sensitive region at the tip of the penis
Prepuce: called the foreskin, covers the glans penis at birth, sometimes removed (circumcision)