1. Ancient Greece 1

2. © 1998 Bernard SUZANNE http://plato-dialogues. org/tools/east_med
© 1998 Bernard SUZANNE Last updated November 16, 1998

3. Bosporus Dardanelles Asia Minor Peloponnesus Aegean Sea Crete Knossos
Black Sea
Dardanelles
Bosporus
Crete
Knossos
Peloponnesus
Troy
Asia Minor
Mycenae

4. Ancient Greece #1
Greece includes:
Mainland=Balkan Peninsula
Islands in the Aegean Sea

5. ¾ of Greece is mountains
This caused agricultural problems
Communication was difficult

6. Most Greeks were fisherman, sailors, traders
Trade led to cultural diffusion

7. Minoans- ( BC)
Island of Crete
Main city--Knossos
Indoor bathrooms
Running water
Colored murals (frescoes)

11. Strong navies to support trade

12. Worshipped bull & Earth goddess

13. Artist’s portrayal of Knossos

14. Mycenaeans ( BC)
Warring people
Bards--storytellers

15. Greek alphabet
Linear B writing

17. Homer (700s BC) blind poet 2 famous Greek epics
1. Iliad
2. Odyssey

18. Greek Religion Polytheistic 1. Explained nature
2. Explained emotions & behavior
3. Benefits---long life, good harvest

19. Zeus- King of the gods & god of thunder
12 most important gods live on Mt. Olympus

20. Poseidon- God of sea
Hades- Ruler of Underworld

21. Hera- Goddess of marriage & childbirth, jealous of Zeus

22. Athena- Goddess of wisdom

23. Apollo- Sun god
Aphrodite- Goddess of love & beauty
Hermes- Messenger for the gods
Every 4 years- Olympics (religious festival in honor of Zeus in Olympia)

24. Polis: Greek city-state
Acropolis: Hill where temples & public buildings were

25. The Acropolis

26. Agora=open-air market
Commerce & politics

27. Citizens (free adult males) had political rights
Women, slaves, & foreigners had no political rights
Slavery not based on race
POWs or debt slaves

28. Round shield covered with leather
Hoplites
Heavily armed infantry (foot soldiers)
Shield, sword, & thrusting spear (9 ft. long)
Greaves or leg armor
Round shield covered with leather
Bronze Helmet

29. Phalanx
Battle formation; wall of shields

30. Lack of arable (fertile) farmland led to overcrowding
Greeks established colonies
Spread Hellenic (Greek) culture

31. Sparta Patron god = Ares, god of war.
Sparta took over neighbors; made them slaves (helots)
Didn’t have an outer wall; claimed they didn’t need it because they had a wall of men

32. Children seen as weak were left on a hillside to die
Age 7- Boys start military training (learning to cheat, lie, & steal)

33. Age 20- Military service
Lived in the barracks until 30
Age 30- Could vote
Age 60- Retire from military
Sparta would never surrender or retreat

34. Spartan Women- Owned land, trained in physical fitness in order to bear strong children, especially sons.
Married around age 19

35. Oligarchy: Rule by small group
2 Kings were in charge of the army
Council of Elders- lawmakers people over 60 yrs old

36. Sparta- Considered backward & uncultured

37. Athens Monarchy: Rule by king Trade led to wealthy class (Aristocrats)
Aristocracy: Rule by upper-class
Took advantage of poor

38. Tyranny: Rule by 1 person (not always bad)
Draco: Athens's 1st written law code very harsh
Solon: “so long to debt slavery”

39. Cleisthenes- TURNED ATHENS INTO DEMOCRACY!!!
Council of 500- propose laws
The Assembly- pass laws
Democracy: Rule in which people vote
Direct Democracy: Vote on laws

40. Ostracism: The Assembly could wrote names on broken pottery
Anyone named 6,000 times = banned from Athens for 10 yrs

41. Trade- Grapes & olives
Women couldn’t own property & had male guardian
Aristocrats-Cavalry
Farmers-Foot soldiers

42. Persian War
499 B.C. Greek colonies in Ionia rebel against Persia
Athens sent troops
Persian King Darius wanted revenge

43. Marathon Battle north of Athens (490 BC) Greeks win!
Pheidippides ran to Athens
Yelled “Nenikékamen,” (Nike=Victory) & died from exhaustion

44. Nike
Winged goddess of victory, strength, & speed

45. 480 B.C.: Xerxes sent force to Greece
Persian War united Greek city-states for 1st time

46. Narrow mountain pass
250,000 Persians vs. 7,000 Greeks
When defeat is imminent, Spartans order others to leave

47. Spartans betrayed by local resident who led Persians behind mountain
Spartans won time for Athens to build navy defense at Salamis

48. Persians marched south after victory & destroyed Athens
Salamis: Persian ships attacked the Athenian navy near the island
Smaller Greek ships destroyed bigger Persian ships

49. Delian League: Military alliance headed by Athens to get rid of Persian threat

50. Pericles- brought Golden Age to Athens (460 to 429 B.C.)
Gave salaries to men who held public office; this allowed poor to serve
Pericles rebuilt the city

51. The Parthenon built on the Acropolis in Athens; temple to Athena

53. A 27 year war broke out from 431 B.C.-404 B.C.
The Peloponnesian War
Greeks resented Athenian domination
Sparta & other enemies of Athens formed Peloponnesian League.
A 27 year war broke out from B.C.-404 B.C.

54. Plague killed 1/3 of Athens
Sparta allied with Persia
404 B.C. Spartans captured Athens