1. Chapter 18
Windows and Doors

2. Windows From an English expression meaning ‘wind eye’ Window evolution
Holes skins/fabrics translucent membranes glass multiple layers of control
Glazing, insulating airspace, low-E glass, insect screens, weather-stripping, curtains, blinds, sash, etc.
Typically produced in a Factory
efficiency, cost, quality

3. Permanent Prime Windows
Prime Window – permanently installed
Storm Window – removable, auxiliary unit
Combination Window – incorporates both
More common today
Permanent Prime Windows
(fixed)

4. Types of Windows Types of Windows Fixed, single-hung,
double-hung, sliding
Casement, awning, hopper
Types of Windows
Skylight, roof window
Terrace door, French door,
sliding door
Types of Windows

5. Double-Hung
Fixed

6. Top-Hinged
Side-Hinged
Top-Hinged

7. Window Frames Wood Advantages: Disadvantages Commonly:
Good thermal insulator
Easily worked
Disadvantages
Shrinks & swells, subject to decay
Requires frequent repainting (maintenance)
Commonly:
Wood composites used, with an
Exterior cladding of plastic or aluminum

8. Window Frames Aluminum Advantages: Disadvantages: Uses & Finishes:
Relatively inexpensive
Requires no repainting
Disadvantages:
Thermal conductor – requires a thermal break
Uses & Finishes:
Common in commercial & institutional
Usually anodized or permanently coated

9. Window Frames Plastic (relatively new, but wide use – 40%) Advantages:
Low cost - 1/3 less than wood or clad wood
Good thermal insulators
Require no repainting
Disadvantages:
Not stiff
Very high coefficients of thermal expansion
Most common – polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

10. Window Frames Steel Advantages: Disadvantages: Strength
Acceptable thermal insulators
Disadvantages:
Require permanent coating

11. Muntins
“thin wooden bars into which the glass in mounted within each sash”

12. Glazing Single Glazing Double Glazing Triple Glazing (somewhat rare)
Acceptable only in mild climates
Double Glazing
Generally the minimum required by code (or single with storm)
Triple Glazing (somewhat rare)
Double glazing with Low-E glass has equal performance
Double Glazed

13. Safety Considerations
Break-resistant material
Required for glass in doors, large lights near the floor, and glass doors
Generally tempered glass utilized
Fire Escape
Window openings large enough to escape typically required in each bedroom.
Casement and Awning Windows
Avoid adjacent to poaches or walkways

14. Window Testing & Standards
Thermal and structural performance
Performance Grades established covering
Wind pressure
Water resistance
Structural performance
Air infiltration
Operating force
Energy efficiency (insulating value, solar heat gain, visible light, air leakage)

15. Window Installation Rough Opening
“the rough opening height and width for the hole left in a framed wall to permit installation of the window”
Slightly larger than than the window outside dimensions
Flashing (prevent water and air infiltration)
Install, plumb, fasten

16. Doors Categories Interior Exterior
Fire resistance & sound transmission important
Exterior
Weather Resistance most important

17. Types of Doors

18. Types of Doors
Glass & Louvered
Panel Doors

19. Glass French Doors
Louvered Door
Panel Door
Glass & Wood Entrance

20. Types of Doors

21. Metal Facing
Core of a
Hollow Core
Metal Door

22. Hollow Metal Frame Anchorage

23. Hinges

24. Door Opening
Swinging
Bifold
Accordian

25. Door Opening
Pocket
Sliding
Bypass
Sliding
Surface
Sliding

26. Door Opening
Overhead
Coiling

27. Locksets & Strikes
Deadbolt
Deadbolt
Strike
Strike
Lockset
Lockset

28. Wood Doors Stile and Rail Doors Flush Doors Rail
Panels float in stile & rail
Accommodate expansion & contraction
Popular in higher quality buildings
Flush Doors
Majority of the market (< $)
Cores: Solid or Hollow
Rail
Stile
Stile

29. Door ‘Cores’ Solid Core Door Hollow Core Door Wood Blocks
Wood Composite
Mineral (fire doors)
Hollow Core Door
Veneered faces w/
Interior grid
Paperboard or
Wood

30. Entrance Doors Subjected to the Elements Sheet Metal & Molded GFRP
Well constructed (wood, metal, or plastic)
Weatherstripped (prevent air & water leakage)
Sheet Metal & Molded GFRP
Popular alternative to wood
Often constructed to simulate wood
Cores filled with plastic foam (superior thermal performance)

31. Prehung Doors
“doors already mounted on hinges in a frame, complete with weatherstripping (if needed), ready to install by merely nailing the frame into the wall.”
Both interior & exterior doors
Quicker, less costly to install

32. Steel Flush Doors Painted sheet metal faces Common in nonresidential
Solid or hollow core
Typical Solid Core uses:
Exterior doors
Need for increased Fire resistance
More rugged construction needed
Better acoustical properties needed
Flush Steel Doors

33. Fire Doors Rated for fire resistance Uses: Labeled
Exit stairways, between rooms & exit corridors, within exit corridors, fire walls, etc.
Labeled

34. Fire Door Criteria Fire Doors must:
Must swing in the direction of egress travel
Must be self-closing
Must be equipped with hardware that opens the door if people press against the door in the direction of egress travel
Restrictions:
Amount of glass by the fire classification
Size of louvers
Frames must be rated