1. Unit 7 Culture and Etiquette

2. Language Study etiquette: (n.) 礼仪，礼节
e.g. Etiquette is a set of rules that allow us to interact with others in a civilized manner.
礼仪是一套让我们以文明方式与其他人交往的原则。
manners: (n.) 礼貌，举止，风度
e.g. good/bad manners
Watch your manners
table manners

3. Section 1 Getting Things Ready

4. Language Study apply comment consequence crucial insult
interrupt positive slap tolerate transfer
1. He gave me a playful ______ on the hand.
2. Those policies have had a _________ effect on the country’s economy.
3. He broke the law, and now he must face the __________ of his actions.
4. Trust is ________ for successful friendship.
5. The police chief made no ________ on the bomb attack.
6. The school cannot _________ cheating on exams.
7. She reacted to the ________ by turning her back on him.
8. His job requires that he__________ from a city to another.
9. In this way they can better _______ theory to practice.
10. It's not polite to___________ a speaker.
slap
positive
consequences
crucial
comment
tolerate
insult
transfer
apply
interrupt

5. Section Two Things to Do
Activity One Listen and Write
mix
comment
colleague
in addition
negative
appreciation
impression
no longer
crucial
maintain

6. Section 1 Getting Things Ready
Activity 2: Read the passage in Section 2 and complete the following paragraph.
Modern business is global and demands that people to foreign countries and mix with foreign clients, colleagues or customers. Each culture has its own etiquette rules. When two or more different cultures mix, it is easy for small etiquette mistakes to
that could have negative consequences. This can and does lead to bad relationships, lost deals and poor business results. For those wanting to make a good , understanding of international business etiquette is crucial. Throughout the world people from different cultures have various etiquette rules around areas personal space, communication, gift giving, food, business meetings and much more.
travel
be made
in the end
impression
such as

7. Section 2 Things to Do Warm-up Activity
Now let us watch a video about business etiquette. What manners are included in the video?
First impression
Go up and greet the person.
“Hello. My name is Ken.”
Ask their name of they don’t volunteer it.
“Nice to meet you!”
Shake hands firmly and look the person in the eye.
Dressing
Men: business suit, a long-sleeve shirt and a tie
Women: suit, dress with a jacket, stocking, shoes (not too high heels), accessories
Talking
Personal space (keep distance)
Speak not towards the person
Don’t cross hands
Remember people’s names

8. International Business Etiquette
Read and Think
International Business Etiquette
Modern business is global and demands that people travel to foreign countries and mix with foreign clients, colleagues or customers. Each culture has its own etiquette rules. When two or more different cultures mix, it is easy for small etiquette mistakes to be made that could have negative consequences. This can and does lead to bad relationships, lost deals and in the end poor business results. For those who want to build stronger and longer lasting business relationships with people of different cultural background, a good knowledge of international business etiquette is crucial.

9. Read and Think Business Card Etiquette
In many countries the business card has certain etiquette rules. For example in the Arab world you would never give or receive a business card with your left hand. In China and Japan you should try and use both hands to give and receive. In addition it is always good etiquette to examine the card and make a positive comment on it.
The Etiquette of Personal Space
In the Middle East you can hold an Arab man’s hands as a gesture of friendship, yet one should never touch a woman. Touch someone on the head in Thailand or Indonesia and you would have caused great insult. A slap on the back may be OK in Mexico but in China it is a serious no-no. Without an appreciation of international business etiquette, these things would never be known.

10. Read and Think The Etiquette of Communication
Some cultures like to talk loudly (US and Germany), some softly (India and China); some speak directly (Holland and Denmark), others indirectly (UK and Japan); some tolerate interrupting others while speaking (Brazil), others not (Canada).
The Etiquette of Gift Giving
Many countries such as China and Japan have many etiquette rules surrounding the exchange of business gifts. Great examples of gifts to avoid are anything alcoholic in Muslim countries, clocks in China, and anything with four of anything in both Japan and China.
Some people would believe their way of behavior is fine, but when transferred into an international context it no longer applies. The best advice is: “When in Rome do as the Romans do.” (356 words)

11. Read and Think Please translate Paragraph 1
Modern business is global and demands that people travel to foreign countries and mix with foreign clients, colleagues or customers. Each culture has its own etiquette rules. When two or more different cultures mix, it is easy for small etiquette mistakes to be made that could have negative consequences. This can and does lead to bad relationships, lost deals and in the end poor business results. For those who want to build stronger and longer lasting business relationships with people of different cultural background, a good knowledge of international business etiquette is crucial.
现代商务是全球化的，要求人们到国外去旅行，与外国客商、同事或者顾客打交道。各种文化都有其自身的礼仪规则。当两种或者两种以上的文化交往时，很容易犯礼仪上的小错误，从而产生负面后果。这就可能并确实导致商务关系恶化，交易泡汤，最终的结果是生意惨淡。想与不同文化背景的人建立更坚强更持久的贸易关系，了解国际商务礼仪是至关重要的。

12. Read the passage carefully and fill in the blanks.
Read and Think
Read the passage carefully and fill in the blanks.
China
Japan
Arab
world
Thailand
Indonesia
Holland
Denmark
U.S.
U.K.
Muslim countries
Business card
Personal space
Communication
Gift giving

13. Read and Think China Japan Arab world Thailand Indonesia Holland
Denmark
U.S.
U.K.
Muslim countries
Business card
Use both hands to give/receive business cards
Never give/receive a business card with your left hand
Personal space
Never slap on the back
Never touch a woman’s hands
It is an insult to touch sb. On the head
Communication
Talk softly
(India)
Talk directly
Talk loudly
(Germany)
Talk indirectly
(Japan)
Gift giving
Avoid giving clocks to sb. (China)
Avoid anything alcoholic

14. Task 1 Test your problem-solving ability.
Read and Think
Task 1 Test your problem-solving ability.
In the Arab world, you have to be very careful when using your left hand. Why?
next

15. Read and Think
Task 2 Tell whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for True and F for False.
1. Etiquette mistakes made by people from different cultures won’t have any influence on their business results.
2. People who want to be successful in business must know international business etiquette.
3. In Arabic countries you can give and receive a business card with your right hand.
4. Arab men never show their friendliness by holding another man’s hands.
5. Both Americans and Germen like to talk loudly.
6. What is consider appropriate in one country does not necessarilyapply in another. F T T F T T

16. Task 3 Give brief answers to the following questions.
Read and Think
Task 3 Give brief answers to the following questions.
1. Why is it easy for people from different cultures to make etiquette mistakes?
Because etiquette rules are different from culture to culture.
2. What kind of result could it have if one makes even small etiquette mistakes in business?
Small etiquette mistakes could lead to bad and harmful consequences.
3. In what countries are people not supposed to slap others on the back?
Mexico and China.
4. What kind of behavior is considered an insult in Thailand?
A touch on the head.
5. In what country is interrupting others while speaking tolerated?
Brazil.
6. Do you think it necessary and important for a successful business to have a good knowledge of international business etiquette?
Open.

17. 1- d 2-g 3-j 4-f 5-a 6-e 7-h 8-b 9-c 10-i
Read and Think
Task 4 Match A with B
1- d 2-g 3-j 4-f 5-a 6-e 7-h 8-b 9-c 10-i

18. Read and Think
Task 5 Fill in the blanks with the right words or phrases. Change the form where necessary.
1. Their ______________ of Western etiquette was shown in their proper behaviors when they were doing business with people from Western countries.
2. Dow Jones is a leading provider of _________ business news and information services.
3. Nobody can __________ your bad manners any longer.
4. Experience is, of course, a ________ factor in deciding who would be the best person for the job.
global crucial in addition lead to tolerate
demand maintain appreciation avoid transfer
appreciation
global
tolerate
crucial

19. Read and Think
5. A minor error in international communication may __________ major consequences.
6. People gain valuable work experience and, __________, employers can afford to employ them.
7. We should pay more attention international business etiquettes to __________ making mistakes.
8. I __________ that John (should) go there at once.
9. The two countries _________________ friendly relations for many years.
10. He _________________________ from the Sales Dept to the Dept of Human Resources.
lead to
in addition
avoid
demand
have maintained
was/has been transferred

20. Section 3 Things to Write
Task 1 Study the following tips for writing.
A typical short essay of about words usually consists of the following parts:
1. Introduction: An effective introduction serves as a lead-in to what you are going to write about. It usually takes two to three sentences.
2. Development: This is the body of your essay, in which you state your ideas and illustrate them with examples, statistics and/or reasoning. It is also common practice that in one paragraph other people’s opinions about the subject in question are cited and in another one’s own ideas are expressed.

21. Section 3 Things to Write
3. Conclusion: A good conclusion not only summarizes what has been discussed in your essay, but also provokes (激发) further thinking.
It is also helpful to note that such small writing techniques as using a topic sentence to begin a paragraph and such signal words (标示词) as however, consequently, as a result, on the other hand, to conclude/sum up, in a word, etc. will surely add a lot to the smoothness and strength of your essay.

22. Section 3 Things to Write
Task 2 Study the following language for writing.
Words and phrases:
cross cultural differences 跨文化差异
society’s values 社会价值
strong foundation 坚实的基础
achieve success 取得成功
work v. 起作用，有效果
element n. 因素
nurture vt.培养
punctualityn. 准时
take something seriously 重视，认真对待
in most cases 大多数情况下

23. Section 3 Things to Write
Sentence patterns:
It’s important for you to understand the culture of the country where your company locates.
You need to have a good knowlege of the differences in the ways of management of business in this country.
What works in one country will not be applicable at all in China.
Chinese take punctuality very casually.
It’s very important to follow the rules.
You have to remain well-informed.
Be punctual.
Sound foundation of cross cultural differences helps to achieve successful business.

24. Section 3 Things to Write
Task 3 Study the following model for witing.
Doing business in China
It’s an adventure to do business overseas since things are so different from what one knows in his own country. This is especially true when you do business in China.
China is a country with its distinct culture different from the rest of the world. What works in the West will not be applicable in China. First, Guanxi (relationship) is an important element in achieving successful business in China. Successful bussinessmen must learn to nuture and maintain close relationships with their partners. Second, Chinese people do not like to talk about things in a direct way. So you have to work out what they really mean.
Third, not many Chinese people take punctuality seriously. So if you find yourself waiting for your Chinese partners to arrive, remain patient.
In a word, it’s important for companies to know that lack of cross cultural awareness will result in failure not only in China but also anywhere in the world.

25. Section 3 Things to Write

26. Section 3 Things to Write
Translate the following passage into English.
Generally, pointing a finger at objects is okay, 1) ______________ (但不能用来指人). However, it's best to gesture with an open hand2) _______________________________________________ (当要指向某人或物时). Some seemingly simple gestures and nonverbal (非言语) actions can 3) __________________________ _____________________________ (在其他国家其意思就会大
but not at people
when directing attention to a person or an object
mean something quite
different in other countries

27. Section 3 Things to Write
相径庭), and could be 4) __________________________(冒犯或者侮辱的含义). We should have a good knowledge of the customs in other countries and consider them 5) ________________________________.
offensive and insulting
part of basic good business etiquette

28. Section 4 More Things to Do
consider avoid unfriendly casual warm
such as choosing appreciated Danish at ease
Section 4 More Things to Do
Task 1 Read the passage and fill in the blanks with
appropriate words from the box below.
Conversation with Danes
Although you may get the impression in your business dealings that Danes (丹麦人) appear to be 1) _________ and uncaring, in fact that they can be a very 2) _____________ people who enjoy lengthy conversations and being with friends. they are especially 3) ___________at home and in other social gatherings.
unfriendly
warm
at ease

29. Section 4 More Things to Do
Once you are introduced to a Dane, it is likely that you will havve an instant (立即的) friend. Safe topics to discuss are Danish culture, current events, and your home state or town.
It is considered rude to get too friendly with someone with whom you have only a 4) ___________ acquaintance (相识) and to ask personal questions about him or her. This includes anything about the person’s private life, 5) ___________ questions or comments about religion, income, or family. Allow your new acquaintance to set the tone of the conversation by 6) __________ the topics of discussion.
casual
such as
choosing

30. Section 4 More Things to Do
Many people are flattered (奉承) by compliments about how they look or the clothing they’re wearing, but this is not the case with Danes. Danes 7) ___________ compliments to be inappropriate.
Traditional Danish culture is always a safe topic: showing an interest in anything 8) ______________ —from Danish furniture design to Hans Christian Anderson (安徒生) —is much 9) ______.
Again, make the effort to 10) __________ discussing controversial (争议的) subjects and financial, personal, or family issues.
consider
Danish
appreciated
avoid

31. Section 4 More Things to Do
Task 2 Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.
1. Danes seem to be unfriendly and uncaring, but in reality they are __________.
A) cold
B) warm
C) nice
D) careless
2. When you are introduced to a Dane, you’ll probably decide to __________.
A) dislike him
B) go away from him
C) leave him alone
D) make friends with him

32. Section 4 More Things to Do
3. The improper topics to discuss with Danes are ___________.
A) Danish culture, current affairs and your hometown
B) your own culture, current events and your hometown
C) financial, personal and family issues
D) business etiquette rules
4. The word “compliments” is Paragraph 4 most probably means _________.
A) blames
B) praises
C) likes
D) talks

33. Section 4 More Things to Do
5. From the passage we know that Danes are __________.
A) unfriendly and uncaring
B) active and enthusiastic about sports
C) friendly and proud of their traditional culture
D) open and talkative

34. Translation
国际商务礼仪
现代商务是全球化的，要求人们到国外去旅行，与外国客商、同事或者顾客打交道。各种文化都有其自身的礼仪规则。当两种或者两种以上的文化交往时，很容易犯礼仪上的小错误，从而产生负面后果。这就可能并确实导致商务关系恶化，交易泡汤，最终的结果是生意惨淡。想与不同文化背景的人建立更坚强更持久的贸易关系，了解国际商务礼仪是至关重要的。
名片礼仪
在许多国家送名片是有礼仪规则的。阿拉伯国家的人们在递送和接收名片时切忌用左手。在中国和日本，应该用双手递送和接收名片。此外，接过别人的名片时，要仔细看一看，做出肯定评论，这被认为是良好的礼仪。

35. Translation
个人空间礼仪
在中东，握住阿拉伯男人的手是友谊的表示。然而，绝不要用手去触摸阿拉伯女人。在泰国和印尼，用手摸别人的头是极大的侮辱。在墨西哥可以拍别人的背部，但在中国是不行的。不了解国际商务礼仪，就永远不会懂得这些事情。
交谈礼仪
有些文化喜欢高声地交谈（如美国和德国），有些喜欢轻声谈话（印度和中国），有些说话直接（荷兰和丹麦），有些则拐弯抹（英国和日本），有些能容忍别人打断说话（巴西），有些则不然（加拿大）。
送礼的礼仪
许多国家，如中国和日本，有许多有关交换礼物的礼节。要着重避免的礼物包括在穆斯林国家送含酒精的东西，在中国送钟，在日本和中国送四个任何东西。
有些人认为自己的行为方式很好，可是把场景转换成国际背景时，其行为方式就不一定适用了。最好的忠告是：“入乡随俗。

36. Focus on Grammar 形容词和副词的最高级
大多数形容词和副词有最高级的变化，用来表示事物的最高等级。同比较级一样，最高级也有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

37. Focus on Grammar

38. Focus on Grammar Task 1 Study the following English sentences and
translate the Chinese sentences into English.
1. Often, the most refined action is that which requires the greatest number of steps to carry it out.
了解一个国家的文化的最好方式就是在这个国家生活一段时间。
The best way of knowing the culture of a country is to live in this country for a period of time.
2. The best policy is to ask your guest questions to find out what he or she is comfortable with.
最不用担心会冒犯对方的话题就是谈论你的家庭和家人。
The least worried topic is to talk about your home and family.
next

39. Focus on Grammar
3. The best way of starting a conversation in Britain is to talk about the weather.
最有效的工作方式就是懂得使用现代办公设备。
The most efficient way of working is to know how to use modern devices.
4. I work fastest when I’m under pressure.
懂得外国文化对你在国外做生意帮助最大。
Understanding culture of other countries helps you most in doing business overseas.
5. Anyone armed with the ability to adapt to the new custom will be able to handle even the most formal event.
了解美国礼仪的人都知道什么是最佳决策。
Anyone who is aware of American etiquette knows what the best decision is.

40. Task 2 Underline the following errors and write the correct forms
Focus on Grammar
Task 2 Underline the following errors and write the correct forms
The lake is a biggest lake in the world.
a---the
2. Tom is tallest of the three brothers.
tallest---the tallest
3. This is the much best one we can find.
much---very
4. This is the eldest book in the library.
eldest---oldest
5. Which season do you like better, spring, summer or autumn?
better---best
6. This problem is one of the difficult problems that I have ever met.
difficult---most difficult