1. Comparative Vertebrate Physiology
Reproduction in vertebrates
The influence of hormones

2. Modes of reproduction Dormant until puberty Almost exclusively sexual
Exception: parthogenesis
Oviparity: eggs laid, develop externally
Viviparity: birth to live young

3. Periodicity of reproduction
Monestrous - annually (mammals)
Polyestrous - two or more life cycles
Delayed implantation
Frequency of estrous (elephants)

4. Spermatogenesis 2n
Mitosis 2n n n n

5. Mature sperm Tail (flagellum) Centrioles Acrosomal cap
Mitochondrial spindle

6. Spermatogenesis regulation
GnRH released
LH and FSH release
FSH works on Sertoli cells causing ABP release
LH causes release of testosterone
Spermatogenesis is enhanced
Inhibin released by Sertoli cells inhibits release of GnRH

7. Oogenesis 2n 2n 2n
birth
Prophase I n
Metaphase II n

8. Ovarian cycle Primordial follicle Primary follicle Secondary follicle
Vesicular follicle
Secondary oocyte release
Corpus luteum
Corpus albicans

9. Ovarian cycle
Phases
Follicular (variable)
Luteal (fixed)

10. Ovarian cycle control

11. Gonadotropic hormones
Fluctuations in levels throughout the ovarian cycle

12. Ovarian hormones
Fluctuations in levels throughout the ovarian cycle

13. Uterine cycle
Fluctuations in thickness of uterine wall