1. Science 9 Review for the Climate Change

2. 1. The surface features of the earth are called ______________.
topography

3. The process by which carbon moves from sphere to sphere.
Carbon cycle

4. Areas that absorb and store carbon (when carbon is not moving through the cycle)
Carbon sink

5. Carbon containing materials that formed over millions of years through the decay, burial, and compaction from rotting vegetation on land and at the sea floor.
Fossil fuels

6. One of the GHG’s that is commonly found in fertilizer
Nitrous oxide

7. Heavy colorless gas that is formed especially in animal respiration (exhaling), burning of trees, or decay of vegetation.
Carbon dioxide

8. The long term removal of trees from an area because of changes in land use.
deforestation

9. The study of ancient climates through ice cores, tree rings and pollen.
paleoclimatology

10. The average weather for a particular region over time.
climate

11. A system that does not allow for the exchange of matter between boundaries.
Closed system

12. Layer of permanently frozen ground
permafrost

13. A gas that is produced by organic matter decomposing in an environment w/o oxygen. ( cows give off this gas)
methane

14. The effect produced by GHG’s allowing solar energy to pass through the earth’s atmosphere, but preventing it from escaping.
Green House Effect

15. A FRACTION OF THE SOLAR ENERGY REFLECTED FROM THE EARTH SURFACE BACK INTO SPACE IS CALLED______________.
ALBEDO

16. A chemical compound found in aerosol cans that causes a depletion of the ozone layer.
CFC’s

17. Carbon dioxide, photosynthesis
Trees and plants commonly absorb _____________ from the atmosphere in a process called ________________.
Carbon dioxide, photosynthesis

18. The _________ is a layer of gases that surround the earth like a blanket.
atmosphere

19. Ocean, soil, forest and vegetation
List the three major carbon sinks:
Ocean, soil, forest and vegetation

20. _________ is the GHG that is most damaging to the ozone layer
CFC

21. WHAT WAS DEVELOPED TO REPLACE CFC’s?
HFC’S

22. Gases in the atmosphere that prevent incoming solar radiation from escaping
back into outer space.
GHG’s

23. Dust and gas thrown into air. This dust blocks the sun’s rays.
How do volcanos impact the atmosphere and climate?
Dust and gas thrown into air. This dust blocks the sun’s rays.

24. More clouds = more reflection
Do the number of clouds effect the atmospheric Albedo? How?
Yes.
More clouds = more reflection
which means less of the sun’s rays reach earth

25. Increased water vapor = increased clouds = more reflection
How does an increase in water vapor effect the atmospheric albedo?
Increased water vapor = increased clouds = more reflection

26. Melting snow means less reflection of the sun’s rays.
How does an melting ice and snow effect the surface albedo?
Melting snow means less reflection of the sun’s rays.
(Earth absorbs sun rays.)

27. Shape of earth’s orbit, tilt of axis, and wobble
What are 3 external forces that effect climate?
Shape of earth’s orbit, tilt of axis, and wobble

28. Changes flow of ocean currents.
How do the continental movements cause climate change?
Suns rays hit continent at a different angle, therefore, changing climate by more or less suns rays hitting.
Changes flow of ocean currents.

29. Biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere
What are the names of the earth’s four main subsystems? (spheres)
Biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere

30. It traps 20 more times heat than carbon
Methane is present in much lower levels than carbon dioxide. Why is it such a concern?
It traps 20 more times heat than carbon

31. Fertilizers and manure produce what type of GHG?
Nitrous Oxide

32. Earth’s rotation makes winds seem to curve
Earth’s rotation makes winds seem to curve. This is known as the _____________.
Coriolis Effect

33. Keep the temperature on earth balanced.
What is the purpose of the GHG’s?
Keep the temperature on earth balanced.

34. No. Too many are accumulating in our atmosphere.
Are GHG’s bad?
No. Too many are accumulating in our atmosphere.

35. Is carbon dioxide increasing, decreasing or stable on earth?
Stable. It is being moved from one sphere to another. Too much is in atmosphere.