1. Week 2 Vocabulary
Polis- refers to the city-states of ancient Greece (ex: Athens, Sparta, and Syracuse)
Philosophy- means “Love of Wisdom; Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle created organized systems of thought which provided the foundation of Western civilization; addressed topics such as politics, math, medicine, and art
Direct Democracy- government in which all citizens have right to directly propose and vote upon laws; also, all citizens are expected to participate in public life (ex: ancient Athens)
Representative Republic- democratic government in which citizens elect professional politicians to represent their interests by passing laws and conducting legislation on behalf of the public (ex: Roman Republic, Great Britain, and the United States)

2. Week 2 Vocabulary
Hellenistic Culture- a blend of classical Greek, Egyptian, Indian, and Persian cultures created under Alexander the Great as he spread his empire eastward (note: does Arabic or Chinese culture is NOT part of this tradition) Julius Caesar- Rome’s 1st Emperor who transformed the Roman Republic into an empire that stretched from Britain to the Middle-East (49 B.C) Augustus Caesar- ends Second Triumvirate established after the assassination of Julius Caesar by defeating Marc Anthony; begins a period of peace and prosperity known as Pax Romana (27 B.C-180 A.D)

3. Week 2 Vocabulary
Emperor Constantine- 1st Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity (312 A.D); moves capital of empire from Rome to Constantinople (located in what is modern day Istanbul, Turkey)
Byzantine Empire- Eastern Christian Orthodox end of Roman Empire established by Emperor Constantine; brought Orthodox Christianity and the Cyrillic alphabet to Russia and Eastern Europe (330 A.D-1440 A.D)
Emperor Justinian- creator of Justinian Code, a universal body of civil and criminal law combining old Roman and Byzantine traditions (527 A.D); ordered the construction of the Hagia Sophia