1. University of Northern IA
Presentation prepared by:
Marilyn Shaw
University of Northern IA
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2. Chapter 16 Participating in Groups and Teams
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3. Setting Goals Determining Roles Team Building
Goals need to be clear, specific, challenging, and worthwhile.
Determining Roles
Everyone in the group must be responsible for something.
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4. Leadership
Leadership is an influence process that includes any behavior that helps clarify a group’s purpose or guide the group to achieve its goals.
A leader is a person who is assigned or selected to take the leadership role of a group or team.
Key functions:
Initiating
Organizing
Maintaining effective interaction
Ensuring member satisfaction
Facilitating understanding
Stimulating creativity/critical thinking
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5. What Determines a Leader’s Success or Failure?
Task Needs
Maintenance Needs
Needs related to the content of the job to be done and all behaviors that lead to the completion of it.
Related to organizing and developing a group, so that members can realize personal satisfaction from working together.
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6. Leadership Styles and Behavior
Leadership and Task or Relationship Orientation
Leadership and Power Distribution
Initiating Structure—a dimension of leadership style that focuses on getting the job done (task-oriented).
Consideration—a dimension of leadership that focuses on establishing good interpersonal relationships and on being liked by group members (relationship- oriented).
Autocratic
Leader who has control and makes decisions with little or no consultation.
Democratic
Leader who shares control and makes decisions in consultation.
Laisssez-Faire
Leader who is passive and usually gives up control so others will take over.

7. Task and Relationship Orientation

8. Group Building and Maintenance Roles
Member Participation
Help the group accomplish its task or objective
Group Task Roles
Help define a group’s social atmosphere
Group Building and Maintenance Roles
Counterproductive or destructive to a group and hinder group process
Each group member should be responsible for recognizing and handling counterproductive contributions
Self-Centered Roles
Roles of Group Members
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9. Group Task Roles Initiator-contributor Information seeker
Information giver
Opinion seeker
Opinion giver
Elaborator
Coordinator
Orienter
Evaluator/critic
Energizer
Recorder
Tester of agreements
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008

10. Group Building and Maintenance Roles
Encourager
Harmonizer
Compromiser
Gatekeeper
Standard setter
Follower
Feeling expresser
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008

11. Self-Centered Roles Aggressor Blocker Recognition seeker
Self-confessor
Dominator
Help seeker
Withdrawer
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008

12. Problem Solving and Decision Making
Determining and Stating the Problem
Discussing the Problem and Its Solution
Brainstorming
Brainstorming via Technology
Reaching Group Consensus
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13. Determining and Stating the Problem
Select a topic
State the topic in the form of a question
Determining and Stating the Problem
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14. Discussing the Problem and Its Solution—Dewey’s Reflective Thinking
Clearly identify the problem you are trying to solve.
Do not start suggesting solutions until you have analyzed the problem.
In the definition and analysis steps of reflective thinking, do not confuse the causes of the problem with its symptoms.
Phrase the problem as a question.
Appoint at least one member of the group to remind others to follow the reflective thinking steps.
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15. Gouran’s and Hirokawa’s Functional Theory
Focuses on how communication can help or hinder a group.
Group’s success depends on these three factors:
The first factor pertains to the task.
The third factor pertains to the participants’ willingness to review and reconsider their decisions.
The second factor pertains to how group members see communication to overcome any obstacles they may confront.
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16. Brainstorming via Technology Reaching Group Consensus
Technique used to generate as many ideas as possible within a limited amount of time.
Brainstorming via Technology
Sharing information and ideas via electronic brainstorming.
Reaching Group Consensus
Assumes that all group members have been able to express how they feel and think about alternatives.
Three recommendations for reaching consensus according to Beebe and Masterson.
Groups have a tendency to change topics and to get off track.
Members should be other oriented and sensitive to all ideas.
Promote group member interaction and dialogue.
Photo from chapter 9 page 214
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17. Managing Group Conflict
Conflict and Group Communication
Conflict Online
Managing Conflict through Principled Negotiation
A procedure that helps group members negotiate consensus by collaboration through the expressions of each differing need and a search for alternatives to meet those needs
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18. Ethical Behavior and Conflict
Express disagreements
Stick to issue
Use rhetorical sensitivity
Criticize idea, not person
Base disagreements on evidence
Be receptive to disagreements
Remain calm
Negotiate

19. Evaluating Small Group Performance
Are we using our time efficiently?
Does everyone have an opportunity to participate?
Do some people dominate the discussion?
Does each person bring adequate information and research to the discussion?
Is the atmosphere free from personal conflict?
Does the group communication stay within the agenda?
Are members happy with the direction of the discussion?
Chapter 14, p 428
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