1. The New Deal

2. Election of 1932 Republican – Herbert Hoover
Democrat – Franklin Roosevelt

3. #32 President Franklin D. Roosevelt
More commonly known as “FDR”
Former New York Governor
Distant cousin of former President Theodore Roosevelt
Promised to help end the Great Depression
Diagnosed with polio in 1923 (mostly paralyzed him)
Longest serving president in US History (4 terms)

4. Roosevelt’s New Deal
Roosevelt used his first 100 days in office to implement his new ideas
He called his new plan the “New Deal”
Plan centered around 3 proposed points
Relief: the concept of helping people immediately to get out of the misery of the Depression
Recovery: aimed at helping the business community and restarting the economy
Reform: trying to change the country so that a depression could never again have significant effects on the country

5. The Tennessee Valley Authority
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) helped farmers and created jobs and energy for the Tennessee River Valley.
Helped to bring jobs to the very poor South.
Provided electricity to many rural areas.
Allowed for the control of rivers that often flooded and damaged property.

6. Labor Reforms
In 1935, Congress passed a National Labor Relations Act, called the Wagner Act, which legalized collective bargaining
Collective bargaining – negotiating wages and conditions of employment
It outlawed spying on union activities and blacklisting.
The Wagner Act caused a great increase in union membership.
The act set up a National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to enforce its rules.
In 1938, a Fair Labor Standards Act banned child labor and set up a minimum wage.

7. The 1st New Deal Meets Limited Success
Roosevelt’s first attempt to help bring the US out of the Depression did not fully complete the job
There was still work to be done as the Depression kept its tight grip on most of American society
The limited success of the New Deal caused many Americans to begin to grow frustrated with the continuing grip of the Depression

8. Roosevelt’s 2nd New Deal
In 1935, FDR used his increasing executive power to pass the Second New Deal to continue an attempt to increase the relief felt by many Americans from the Depression.
2nd New Deal promised an increase in:
Social welfare benefits
Government controls over business
Government support for unions
Taxes on the wealthy (the government decided who was considered “wealthy”)

9. Social Legislation In 1935, Congress passed the Social Security Act
Established a Social Security System in the US
This system offered 3 types of insurance backed by the government:
Old-age pensions and survivors’ benefits.
Unemployment insurance.
Aid for dependent children, the blind, and the physically disabled.

10. The Legacy of the New Deal
The biggest success of the New Deal was that it gave Americans some sense of hope in the midst of the Depression
Government programs/intervention claimed to be the difference between survival and starvation for millions of Americans.

11. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt
FDR’s most important colleague was his wife, Eleanor Roosevelt.
Eleanor and Franklin were actually 5th cousins, each from a different branch of the Roosevelt family
The public got used to her unconventional style, and many came to admire her for her enthusiasm, humanity, and idealism.
She became the face of Roosevelt’s government due to his disability.
Eleanor also used her status in FDR’s administration to push some parts of her own agenda (African American Rights and Women’s Rights)

12. Huey Long Opposes FDR Huey Long
Democratic governor of Louisiana.
Long laregely disagreed with Roosevelt’s plans and ideas and proposed his own plans to target the Depression.
He proposed redistributing the wealth of America to try and curb poverty and end the Great Depression.
His slogan became “Every Man a King”
He wanted to significantly raise taxes on everyone in the US in an attempt to supply government programs to help the poor
Long was assassinated in 1935 at the age of 42.
Some accused FDR of planning Long’s death

13. Election of 1936
Republican – Alf Landon
Democrat – Franklin Roosevelt

14. “Court Packing” scandal
Because the Supreme Court had overturned some of FDR’s plans, he wanted to change the Supreme Court to meet his goals and pass his own agenda.
FDR wanted the number of judges serving on the Supreme Court changed from 9 to 15 (to "pack the court").
Roosevelt tried to bypass Congress by executive action but met with heavy resistance
FDR eventually backed down from his proposal

15. The Neutrality Acts
Still weary from US involvement in WWI, many in the US wanted to stay OUT of the conflict brewing in Europe and the Pacific.
Nazi Germany was gaining power in Europe
Imperial Japan was gaining power in the Pacific
Congress passed Neutrality Acts in 1935, 1936 and 1937 that prohibited the US from selling weapons to any warring nation.
Roosevelt didn’t like that these acts prevented the US from helping its allies.

16. Election of 1940 Republican – Wendell Willkie
Democrat – Franklin Roosevelt

17. TICKET OUT THE DOOR
Read the selection on the back of your guided notes comparing and contrasting the New Deal with the Progressive Era
Complete the chart below on your own paper
PROGRESSIVE ERA
SIMILARITIES
NEW DEAL