1. Core Technologies of the next generation wireless systems for the high rate mobile data access services
Workshop on the Communication Core Technology
Educational Culture Center in Seoul
Feb. 14, 2006
By - Bekay (Byung Keun) Lim, Ph.D.
ArrayComm LLC

2. Agenda 1. Telecommunication Services Status and Trend
2. Mobile Wireless Technology Evolution
3. Experience of the high rate AMC based technologies
4. The constraints of public mobile wireless technology evolution
5. AAS and SDMA for the high rate mobile access
6. Experience of the AAS/SDMA technologies
7. Conclusion

3. 1. Telecommunication Services Status and Trend
Voice to Data & Multimedia
Wireline to Wireless
Higher Data Speed
Voice Centric network to Data Centric network
NGN, IPv6, Ubiquitous, 3.5G, 4G,
Core Service to Additional Supplementary Services,
Converged services
Converged market - Public Operator driven Market , Enterprise, and SOHO Market.
Saturated and slow growth.
New Revenue Source are required for fast growth
Shared equipment to Personalized

4. Broadband Multimedia Services
Voice to Data & Multimedia, Wireline to Wireless, Higher Speed
Information
Rate
LAN/ WLAN
xDSL,
Cable modem
Data
Broadband
Multimedia Services
2Mbps
Mobile Wireless
Broadband Multimedia Services
1Mbps
Multimedia
Services
144Kbps
64Kbps
Dial up data
Voice
Services
Mobile Wireless Voice
PSTN Voice
Mobility
Fixed
Fixed Wireless
pedestrian
Vehicular

5. Legacy Separate Network Next Generation Network
Voice Centric network to Data Centric network, NGN, IPv6, Ubiquitous, 3.5G, 4G,
Wireless
패킷망
PSTN
Access Transport
DATA
Switching Networks
Legacy Separate Network
QoS Packet Network
Mobile
Access
Enterprise
Home
Softswitch
Next Generation Network
Services
services
Network

6. Core Service to Additional Supplementary Services,
PSTN – IN services, 080, Ring Sound, CID, etc.
PCS, Cellular – SMS, Multimedia, Data
Converged services, Converged market - Public Operator driven Market , Enterprise, and SOHO Market.
DMB over the Handset
Home Network
Saturated and slow growth. New Revenue Source are required for further growth. Subscribers as of Dec.30, 2005
PSTN – No growth, (decrease) 22.92Mil
PCS, Cellular – 38.34Milion
High Speed Internet – 12.14Mil

7. Shared telecommunication equipment to Personalized
PSTN provides a telecommunication services to every home and Office (PSTN Phone)
 PCS, Cellular provide a personal services (Handset)
Broadband Internet Access Services, xDSL, Cable, Metro Ethernet provide a High Speed Internet Access services to Home and Office (Desk Top PC)
 Wireless Broadband Access provides a personal services ( mobile PC)

8. 2. Mobile Wireless Technology Evolution
Voice Centric Network technology
3GPP2, IS-95A/B, cdma2000 1x/Ev-Do, 1xEV-Do rev A ,
3GPP, WCDMA, CDMA/HSDPA, HSUPA, LTE, TD-SCDMA, TD-CDMA,
GSM, GPRS, EDGE,
Data Centric network technology
IEEE802.x, Hiperxxx
WiFi, WiMAX, WiBro, Mobile WiMAX
HC-SDMA,

9. From Voice Centric technology to Data Centric technology
Circuit switch Cellular/PCS to All IP Network
Narrow Channel Bandwidth to Broad Channel Bandwidth
1.25Mhz -> 5Mhz –> 10Mhz -> 20Mhz
To have a broadband access channel widen the channel bandwidth
Uniform Rate service coverage to variable rate service coverage by AMC
Symbol modulation for basic voice channel covers full service areas
Higher order modulation 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM provides a portion of coverage areas depend on the SNR
To achieve the high peak data rate as far as possible

10. 3. Experience of the high rate AMC based technologies
3. Experience of the high rate AMC technologies
Easy approach to get a higher peak data rate
Non-uniform service coverage N
SNR
Distance 25 20 15 10 5 -5 W dB E S

11. Lower Cell Edge data rate deteriorate the service quality
Peak Data rate mislead the understanding for the End user even Operators
Cause a complain by the poor service quality
< CDMA x, WCDMA, GSM >
< 1xEV-DO, EV-DV, HSDPA, WiBro>

12. 4. The constraints of public mobile wireless technology evolution
Public wireless service system criterion
Guarantee the quality of Services
Public Wireless Services system is different from private wireless system
ISM band WIFI vs. Licensed Spectrum Radio System
Cell Planning and Quality
HSDPA, Mobile WiMAX, WiBro, LTE, 3.5G, 4G, approach is to get a broadband channel bandwidth, higher rate AMC technique
Peak rate driven, OFDMA, MIMO, Higher Radio Frequency Band 2.5GHz, 5GHz, etc.
High RF band is required for Broadband Channel BW
Propagation loss, uniform service quality, Backhaul Cost limit the massive deployment

13. Lesson of Commercial experience of the MBWA system, Cellular, Netspot,
Expensive, Poor quality (non-uniform), Small coverage
Non-popular services
Low cost , uniform service quality, higher data rate, higher network capacity are required.
For the popular services
Voice Centric Approach could not break the paradigm of cost, quality constraint
User expect similar amount of payment for the data access
Data services requires several tenth times data capacity compare to Voice services capacity
Data centric application network
Can ensure the Capex and Opex for the MBWA services

14. Data centric telecommunication MBWA network for what?
Providing services by a cheap cost
Providing guaranteed service quality
Providing uniform service quality
Providing commercial new subscriber (Mobile PC?)
Can not build a MBWA network by a legacy cellular concept
New Paradigm is required for MBWA network
Limit some service features (mobility)
Smaller cell (Pico Cell for high capacity/m²)
Zone based service coverage ( reduce the Capex and Opex)
Higher Capacity / footprint ( MBWA requirement)
AAS for the Cell Edge Data Speed and Quality (Uniformity )

15. 5. AAS and SDMA for the high rate mobile access
Array Antenna based Adaptive Antenna solution provides wider coverage and higher capacity
Technical Interpretation
Gain vs. noise, fading, ... expands envelope to right
Interference mitigation (+ gain) expands it upwards
Economic Interpretation
Coverage improvements reduce CapEx, OpEx (esp. backhaul, sites)
Capacity improvements reduce delivery cost, spectrum requirements
range (km)
Throughput/cell
(Mbps)
2/2.5G (10 MHz)
802.11b (83 MHz)
Noise
Limited
Interference
Smart Antenna
Benefit

16. -1 +1 Exploiting Channel State Information User 1, s1(t)ejt 2bs2(t)
as1(t)+bs2(t)
as1(t)-bs2(t)
User 2,
s2(t)ejt
Users’ signals arrive at array with different space-time channels
Processing provides gain and interference mitigation
2as1(t)
as1(t)

17. Gain, Active & Passive Mitigation
co-channel user
passive mitigation
active mitigation
user
coherent gain
omni/sector
reference

18. … Protocol Independence Applicable to any access & modulation methods
Processing in parallel on each channel resource
Transceiver
Channelizer
(TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, OFDMA) …
Spatial and Temporal Processing
baseband signals/user data
antenna

19. SISO, MISO, SIMO, MIMO, … SISO MISO SIMO MIMO
Single Input, Single Output
MISO
Multiple Input, Single Output
SIMO
Single Input, Multiple Output
MIMO
Multiple Input, Multiple Output
SDMA

20. Antenna Arrays Wide variety of geometries and element types Array size
arrangements of off-the-shelf single elements
custom arrays
Array size
vertical extent determined by element gain/pattern as usual
horizontal extent, as small as 3-5 lambda
regular structures with 0.5 lambda subarrays desirable for FDD
2 GHz: array of eight 10 dBi elements is 0.5 x 0.75 m
small!
conformal arrays for aesthetics

21. Antenna Co-Processing
Common Radio System Logical Layouts for Advanced Antenna Processing
Base Station
Calibration Module
Resource scheduling and calibration control
Antenna Co-Processing
... RF
...
PHY
MAC
Client Device
Frame and Control RF
Antenna Processing
PHY
MAC
Antenna processing software modules from ArrayComm
Calibration subsystem

22. PHS HC-SDMA GSM HC-SDMA system performance
6.7x capacity improvement through 3 software releases in microcellular application, with over 275,000 installations in service in Japan and China
Industry’s most sophisticated spatial processing at work in multiple large-scale deployments of true mobile broadband standard
GSM
12–30 dB link budget and 2–6x capacity improvement in challenging urban FDD application, large US operator trial ongoing

23. WiBro/Mobile WiMAX performance -Downlink SINR distribution, reuse 3
Out of Service
~10dB
~30%

24. WiBro/Mobile WiMAX performance - Downlink SINR distribution, reuse 1

25. Average Data Rate [kbps]
HC-SDMA , Base Case: 8 Terminals, 8 Carriers
Downlink
Uplink
2,629
7,966
　Total
328
1,025
UT#6
1,027
UT#8
982
UT#7
332
1,026
UT#5
331
892
UT#4
325
UT#3
329
964
UT#2
1,023
UT#1
Average Data Rate [kbps]

26. Antenna Configurations — Stub & Patch
Pair 1: co-pol closely spaced
Pair 2: x-pol
Pair 3: co-pol distant

27. Wavelength at 2GHz is about 15 cm
Typical handset dimension is 10 cm x 5 cm
A 2-antenna solution with 0.3 – 0.5λ antenna separation can be easily accommodated
Due to the large angle spread of the received signals, a 0.3 – 0.5λ antenna separation will yield good performances
ArrayComm has studied handset antenna configurations in detail

28. Measurement Results – Patch Antennas

29. Measurement Results – Stub Antennas

30. Network Simulation – Ec/Ei in the WCDMA Handset
3GPP TR
3 sectors/site
Max BS power: 20 Watts
Pilot TX power: 1 Watts
Cell radius: 1500 m
Uncorrelated Shadowing sigma=8 dB

31. Ec/Ei After Cancelling Most Dominant Interferer
3GPP TR
3 sectors/site
Max BS power: 20 Watts
Pilot TX power: 1 Watts
Cell radius: 1500 m
Uncorrelated Shadowing sigma=8 dB

32. Ec/Ei After Cancelling Two Dominant Interferers
3GPP TR
3 sectors/site
Max BS power: 20 Watts
Pilot TX power: 1 Watts
Cell radius: 1500 m
Uncorrelated Shadowing sigma=8 dB

33. 6. Experience of the AAS/SDMA technologies
Mitigate the cell edge interference and provide uniform QoS
Increase the network average throughput
Increase the network total capacity by SDMA
Easy to implement on top of existing technologies
Optimum solution for data centric application system
MIMO Now
BS AAS (Multiple RX/TX)
Handset AAS ( 2 Rx)

34. 7. Conclusion 7. Conclusion Next generation licensed MBWA market
The last domain of telecommunication services
New ocean of Telecommunication services market
When the subscriber come with a new client devices
New Device will consumes a lot of data traffic compare to Cellular packet usage on the handset
Popularity will be assured by low cost and uniform quality
Core technologies for the new public licensed MBWA market
AAS uniquely assures the uniform services quality
SDMA is the last technique to improve the capacity in any technologies even on top of MIMO