1. Self Awareness and Cultural Understanding
Chapter 2
Vacc, DeVaney & Brendel

2. Cultural Encapsulation
1. Lack of exposure to diverse group
2. attaching little importance to noted cultural differences between themselves and their clients.
3. maintaining the conviction that certain counseling and therapy methods are universally applicable.
4. lack of willingness to explore and question their own beliefs. Particularly in regards tto stereotypes, biases, and assumptions.

3. Cultural Encapsulation
Must challenge your assumptions – FIRST
“Counselor know thy self.”

4. Cultural learning Modeling
Infusion – subtle and quiet
Assimilation (domestication)
Intentionality – mindfulness
Unintentional – automatically infused with a 2nd culture once comfortable and accepted by the people.

5. Intensifying awareness
Intentionality – purposeful,
Individuals hold ______________ molded by culture
Values
Biases
Stereotypes
Communication patterns
Recognize your ___________ at the same time understanding the process by which awareness happens.

6. Values Value free or value neutral
Goal setting becomes difficult because
“If don’t know where you are going, you will end of somewhere else.”
What happens when no one sets the goal for counseling?
Example: RaeAnn
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7. stereotypes
Collective beliefs about classes of individuals, groups or objects( Axelson, 1993)
Different then prejudice – “preconceived judgment or opinion without just grounds or sufficient knowledge” (Axelson, 1993, p. 155)
Racial remarks, sexual remarks, and gender remarks are the biggest stereotypes.

8. Communication Differences
Communication from the environment
Mental map – filters out foreign or unintelligible information
“noise” (Hoopes, 1981) obstacles to effective communication
Cultural code – everything has meaning
Silence
Dress
Smiles
Taste in music
Eye contact
Touch
Facial expressions