1. TOP TEN THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW
Analyze how ideological conflict shaped international relations after the Second World War including expansionism, containment, deterrence, brinkmanship, détente, nonalignment, liberation movements
Detente
TOP TEN THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW

2. What does it mean An end to hostilities
Relaxing (something was strained)

3. Nuclear Treaties (to slow the spread)
1963 Partial Test Ban Treaty
Response to intense conflict of Cuban Missile Crisis
1968 Non-proliferation Treaty
1972 SALT (ABMs)
No SALT II

4. Nuclear Treaties (to reverse the spread)
1982 – START
2010 New START – reduce to 1550 each
1987 INF Treaty (reduce smaller weapons, allow inspectors)
1983 – “Star Wars” (Strategic Defense Initiative)
To fight the “evil empire”
Violates SALT (ABM site, weaponizing space)
Contributes to massive increase in military spending - debt

5. Ping Pong Diplomacy 1971 Ping Pong Tournament
later Kissinger arranges for Nixon to visit China in 1972
Sports allows for ideological opponents to meet
Opens door to acceptance of communist Chinese government by the West
trade and modern globalization

6. 1975 Helsinki Accord
Ends interventionist policies (Truman and Brezhnev Doctrines)
Accept post-WW II borders
Humanitarian work and greater acceptance of human rights
= more freedom to protest in Communist bloc

7. Gorbachev Perestroika – economic restructuring (like Lenin’s NEP)
Glasnost – openness (freedoms)
Allows for more freedom of expression = protests grow
People begin demanding more from government
Ethnic conflicts start to increase
“Cognitive dissonance”
Leads to collapse of Soviet empire

8. Domino Theory in Reverse
Warsaw Pact members declare independence from the Soviet sphere of influence
- Poland, Germany, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania
Azerbaijan declared sovereignty on 23 September 1989.
Georgia declared sovereignty on 9 March 1990
Lithuania declared independence on 11 March 1990.
Latvia declared independence on 4 May 1990.
Russia declared sovereignty on 11 June 1990.
Uzbekistan declared sovereignty on 20 June 1990.
Moldova (Moldavia) declared sovereignty on 23 June 1990.
Ukraine declared sovereignty on 16 July 1990.
Belorussia declared sovereignty on 27 July 1990.
Turkmenistan declared sovereignty on 22 August 1990.
Tajikistan declared sovereignty on 25 August 1990.
Armenia declared independence on 23 August 1990.
Kazakhstan declared sovereignty on 25 October 1990.

9. Leningrad Viktor was born in the spring of '44
And never saw his father anymore
A child of sacrifice, a child of war
Another son who never had a father after Leningrad
Went off to school and learned to serve the state
Followed the rules and drank his vodka straight
The only way to live was drown the hate
A Russian life was very sad
And such was life in Leningrad
I was born in '49
A cold war kid in McCarthy time
Stop 'em at the 38th Parallel
Blast those yellow reds to hell
And cold war kids were hard to kill
Under their desk in an air raid drill
Haven't they heard we won the war
What do they keep on fighting for?
Viktor was sent to some Red Army town
Served out his time, became a circus clown
The greatest happiness he'd ever found
Was making Russian children glad
And children lived in Leningrad
But children lived in Levittown
And hid in the shelters underground
Until the Soviets turned their ships around
And tore the Cuban missiles down
And in that bright October sun
We knew our childhood days were done
And I watched my friends go off to war
What do they keep on fighting for?
And so my child, when I came to this place
To meet him eye to eye and face to face
He made my daughter laugh, then we embraced
We never knew what friends we had
Until we came to Leningrad

10. End of Cold War
Global peace dividend (money can now go to humanitarian issues)
New World Order
What is the role of NATO, now that the Warsaw Pact and Soviet empire no longer exist

11. First test of new unipolar world
Gulf War 1991
UN peacemaking
Short war – influenced decision to go in 2003
Civil wars erupt (especially in Africa)
Somalia
Sudan
Rwanda
Uganda
Liberia
Sierra Leone
Congo