2. David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Active Shooter Education

3. What do we hope to accomplish today?
Explore Workplace Violence in Institutions of Higher Education (IHE’s)
What Types of Violence Can Occur?
Discuss Risk Factors for Violence
Prevention Strategies
Define an Active shooter
Discuss Preparedness
Response Options
Resources

4. What is Workplace Violence?
Any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site. 
Behavior that indicates to you that there is a potential for violence.

5. Examples of violent behavior include:
Fighting (e.g., punching, slapping, kicking)
Gang violence
Use or threatened use of weapons
Stalking
Communicated threats of harm
Willful or intentional behavior which causes damage to property
Bullying
Electronic aggression

6. Workplace violence can occur:
On UCLA property
On the way to or from UCLA
During a UCLA sponsored event
On the way to or from a UCLA sponsored event
Any time of day or night
Any day of the week
And can be committed by anyone

7. History of School Shootings
Hostage and Shooting incidents are not new and are on the rise
From , there were over 75 incidents of school shootings worldwide
Jonesboro, AR (March 1998 – 5 killed and 10 injured)
Columbine, CO (April, 1999 – 15 killed)
West Nickel Mines, PA Amish School (Oct, 2006 – 5 killed, 6 injured)
Virginia Tech (April, 2007, 33 killed, 15 injured)
Sandy Hook Elementary (Dec, killed)

8. School Shootings: Columbine (April 1999) to Feb 2016
50 – The number of mass murders or attempted mass murders at a school since Columbine. (FBI)
141 – The number of people killed in a mass murder or attempted mass murder at a school since Columbine. (FBI)
73 – The percentage of school shooters with no prior criminal record, not even an arrest. (U.S. Secret Service, U.S. Dept of Education)
96 – The percentage of school shooters who are male. (FBI)
17 – The number of kids aged 15 or younger who have committed or attempted a mass school shooting since Columbine. (FBI)
81 – The percentage of school shootings where someone had information that the attacker was thinking about or planning the shooting. (U.S. Secret Service, U.S. Department of Education)
68 – The percentage of school shooters who got their guns from relatives or at home. (US Secret Service, US Department of Education)
65 - The number of school shooters and thwarted school shooters who have referenced Columbine as a motivation. (ABC News investigation, various law enforcement agencies)
270 – The number of shootings of any kind at a school since Columbine. (ABC News)
1 – The number of shootings per week, on average, on a school or college campus in (ABC News)
Worst since Sandy Hook (Dec 2012):
June 7, 2013 – Santa Monica College (6 dead, 4 injured)
Oct 24, 2014 – Marysville, WA Pilchuck High School (5 dead, 1 injured)
Oct 1, Umpqua Community College, OR (10 dead, 9 injured)
Nov 14, Rancho Tehama Reserve, CA (6 dead, 10 injured)
Source ABC News – Special Report

9. 10 Myths about School Shootings
He didn’t fit the profile.
He just snapped.
No one knew.
He hadn’t threatened anyone.
He was a loner.
He was crazy
USSS & US DOE 2002
If only we’d had a SWAT team or medal detectors.
He’d never touched a gun.
We did everything we could to help him.
School violence is rampant.

10. Reality of the Threat
While shocking and senseless shootings give the impression of dramatic increases in workplace-related violence, national surveys consistently find that workplace-associated homicides have stayed essentially stable or even decreased slightly over time.

11. Likelihood of getting injured

12. Mass Shootings – 2017 Oct 1 – Las Vegas – 59 dead/441 injured
Nov 5 – Sutherland Springs, TX– 27 dead/20 injured

13. Awareness & Prevention What can we do now?

14. Risk factors for workplace violence:
Prior history of violence
Elevated Frustration (mood changes)
Substance Abuse
Poor family functioning-minimal support systems
Other stressors
Financial
Health
Mental Illness
Suicidal Ideation

15. See it or Hear it, REPORT IT!
We no longer have the luxury of ignoring the warning signs.
Behavior could be benign, but what if it’s not?
Resources on campus
Threat Assessment Team / Behavioral Intervention Team / Consultation & Response Team)
Staff & Faculty Counseling Center
Counseling & Psychological Services (CAPS)
DGSOM Behavioral Wellness Center
Human Resources
UCLA Police / Health Sciences Security

16. Next Steps Discuss Investigate Log for future reference
We don’t ignore it

17. Subjects of Concern Confront Set boundaries/limits
Determine their reaction
Refer
Take action
Manage

18. Shooting Situations Barricaded Suspect Hostage Situations
Active Shooter

19. Barricaded Suspect
Normally a criminal suspect with known or unknown violent potential that has barricaded themselves alone in a structure and refused to surrender
Ample time for detailed planning and negotiations
Person(s) are normally armed and there is potential for a transition to an active shooter or hostage situation

20. Hostage Situation
Similar to barricaded suspect(s) situation with the addition of innocent persons being held against their will
Provide time for detailed planning and negotiations
Hostage situations can develop from active shooter situations or have great potential to develop into them

21. Active Shooter
One or more suspect(s) who, as police respond to the scene, are actively killing and/or causing serious, life-threatening bodily injury to multiple victims. The overriding objective of the suspect(s) appears to be that of mass murder, rather than other criminal conduct such as robbery or hostage-taking
Threat is not contained and there is immediate risk of death and injury
Considered the greatest threat on campuses
Leaves little or no time for proper planning and requires law enforcement to take immediate action
These situations can and often develop into hostage situations upon the arrival of law enforcement

22. Definition of an Active Shooter Incident
U.S. Government agencies define an active shooter as “an individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined and populated area.”
The FBI extends this definition to include more than one individual in an incident and omits the word confined, as the term excludes incidents that occurred outside buildings.
This definition does not include gang- or drug-related incidents, the accidental discharge of a firearm, or family- and intimate partner-related shootings.

23. Mentality of Active Shooter
Desire is to kill and seriously injure without concern for their safety or threat of capture
Normally has intended victims and searches them out
Accepts targets of opportunity while searching for or after finding intended victims
Will continue to move throughout the building/area until stopped by law enforcement, suicide, or other intervention
Shooters mentality is not escape. His goal is to kill and injure
There is no “typical profile” for active shooters

25. Preparedness What can we do now?

26. Key Things to Consider? Communicate How long will you have to respond?
Suspicious activities
Concerns about visitors, students
How long will you have to respond?
Situational awareness
Role play your response in your head
Different locations
Practice lockdown, evacuation, reverse evacuation

27. Communication and Response

28. Reporting a Problem
Call UCLA Police at 911 (or for suspicious activity or non-weapon events )
Provide the location of the incident (as specific as possible, room number, building, etc)
Provide a brief description of what is happening
Provide your name and contact phone number
Provide information on the suspect’s physical description
Provide a description of the weapon (handgun, rifle, knife, etc.)
Report any injuries

29. A Suspect’s Physical Description
Hat
Glasses
Hair
Facial Hair
Coat
Shirt
Pants
Shoes
Sex
Height
Weight
Age
Race

30. Surviving an Active Shooter

31. Plan Ahead Situational Awareness: Always be mentally prepared
Know your surroundings
Pre-plan an exit

32. Strategies for Survival in an Active Shooter Event
Get Out! – ESCAPE
Take cover – get behind something that will stop a bullet (Look for chances to ESCAPE)
Hide and don’t bunch up– (Look for chances to ESCAPE)
Play Dead – (Look for chances to ESCAPE)
Attack the Attacker (LAST RESORT) – Element of Surprise, Watch and listen for the subject to stop shooting and reload
(adapted from UC Davis Police Department Training information)
UCPD

33. ALICE Acronym Not intended to follow in order - Big Picture Reminders
Alert –How do you know there is a problem.
Gunfire, Witness, PA Announcement, Phone alert
Lockdown- This is a semi-secure starting point from which you will make survival decisions. If you decide not to evacuate, secure the room.               
Inform- Using any means necessary to pass on real time information.
Counter- This is the use of simple, proactive techniques should you be confronted by the Active Shooter.
Evacuate- Remove yourself from the danger zone as quickly as possible.

34. Evacuate-RUN
If there is an accessible escape path, attempt to evacuate the premises.
Be sure to:
Have an escape route and plan in mind
Evacuate regardless of whether others agree to follow
Leave your belongings behind
Help others escape, if possible
Prevent individuals from entering an area where the active shooter may be
Keep your hands EMPTY and VISIBLE
Follow the instructions of any police officers
Call 911 when you are safe.
Do not attempt to move wounded people

35. Hide Out Your hiding place should:
Be out of the active shooter’s view
Provide protection if shots are fired in your direction (i.e., an office with a closed and locked door)
Not trap you or restrict your options for movement (Ideal)
To prevent an active shooter from entering your hiding place:
Lock the door
Blockade the door with heavy furniture

36. Hide Out If the active shooter is nearby: Remain quiet
Lock the door
Silence your cell phone and/or pager
Turn off any source of noise (i.e., radios, televisions)
Hide behind large items (i.e., cabinets, desks)
Remain quiet
If evacuation and hiding out are not possible:
Remain calm
Dial 911, if possible, to alert police to the active shooter’s location
If you cannot speak, leave the line open and allow the dispatcher to listen

37. Take Action Against the Shooter
As a last resort, and only when your life is in imminent danger, attempt to disrupt and/or incapacitate the active shooter by:
Acting as aggressively as possible against him/her
Throwing items and improvising weapons
Yelling
Committing to your actions

39. Active Shooter - In the Hallways
Get in a room that is not already secured and secure it
Unless you’re close to an exit, don’t run through a long hall to get to one, you may encounter the gunmen or hostage taker.
Don’t hide in restrooms

40. Active Shooter - In Large Rooms
If in a theatre/auditorium/gym or and the gunmen or hostage taker(s) are not present, move to and out the external exits and move toward any police unit
Again, keeping your hands up and empty. Do what the police tell you!

41. Active Shooter - In Class or Office
If you are in a classroom, room, or office STAY THERE, and secure the door
If the door has no lock attempt to block the door as much as you can or place a door wedge hard under the doorway
If the door has a window, cover it if you can
Attempt to rescue others outside should only be made if it can be done without endangering the persons inside the secure area
Have someone watch while you get as many people out of the windows (ground floor) as calmly and as quietly as possible

42. Trapped with Gunmen
Don’t do anything to provoke shooter
If they are not shooting, do what they say and don’t move suddenly
Only you can draw the line on what you will or will not do to preserve your life or the lives of others
If shooting starts, you need to make your own choice, stay still and hope they don’t shoot, run for an exit zig-zagging, or attack the shooter
This is not a recommendation to fight but rather a choice to fight where there are no other options

43. Have those who get out move toward any police unit while keeping their hands on top of their head and doing exactly what the Police tell them to do
If no police units are yet on scene move well away from the school and find safe cover positions (not the parking lots) and wait for the police to arrive
If the windows don’t open, or you cannot break them, or you are not on a ground floor, get out of sight from the door and stay low and quiet
Keep others calm and quiet

44. How to Respond When Law Enforcement Arrives

45. Law Enforcement Role
If an incident occurs on campus, UCPD officers are trained to deal with the situation
UCPD may call other agencies to respond to assist as directed by UCPD.
Officers primary objective will be to confront the suspect(s) and neutralize the threat 45

46. The Law Enforcement Response
Officers:
usually arrive in teams of four (4)
may wear regular patrol uniforms or external bulletproof vests, Kevlar helmets, and other tactical equipment
may be armed with rifles, shotguns, handguns
may use pepper spray or tear gas to control the situation
may shout commands, and may push individuals to the ground for their safety

47. Law Enforcement Arrival
UCPD to Present
Source: U of Miami Police

48. Police Response
Law enforcement's goal is to locate, contain, and stop the shooter
Everyone in the building will be considered a suspect
When the team of officers makes contact with you, do not run towards them
Keep your hands visible and respond to their commands
Officers will engage with fire, anyone that is armed or moves on them in what can be perceived an aggressive manner
If you are near the suspects when officers make entry, the best thing to do is drop as low as you can and stay there, with your hands visible until the team commands you to get up. 48

49. Police Response Injured Persons
Initial responding officers will not treat the injured or begin evacuation until the threat is neutralized
You will need to explain this to others in an attempt to calm them
As teams of officers move to contain the suspect(s), other teams of officers will be begin evacuating the building or site.
Expect rescue teams comprised of additional officers and emergency medical personnel to follow the initial officers.
These rescue teams will treat and remove any injured persons.
They may also call upon able-bodied individuals to assist in removing the wounded from the premises. 49

50. Police Response Evacuation
Safety corridors will be established. This may be time consuming
Remain in secure areas until instructed otherwise
You may be searched. Leave your personal belongings
You will be escorted out of the building by law enforcement personnel
Once you have reached a safe location or an assembly point, you will likely be held in that area by law enforcement until the situation is under control, and all witnesses have been identified and questioned.
Do not leave until law enforcement authorities have instructed you to do so.

51. How to react when they arrive
Remain calm, and follow officers’ instructions
Put down any items in your hands (i.e., bags, jackets)
Immediately raise hands and spread fingers
Avoid making quick movements toward officers such as holding on to them for safety
Avoid pointing, screaming and/or yelling
Do not stop to ask officers for help or direction when evacuating, just proceed in the direction from which officers are entering the premises

52. Final Thoughts

53. Safety Tips
When at work/school, take ownership of making sure your location is safe
Be aware of your surroundings (e.g. location of exits, doorways, etc…)
Report suspicious persons to UCPD or Security immediately
Program UCPD dispatch (310) in your cell phone
Be aware of the blue campus emergency phones
UCPD website ( 53

54. Closing Thoughts
We can no longer predict the origin of the next threat
Assailants in some recent incidents across the country were not students or employees
There are no obvious specific targets and the victims were unaware they were targets, until attacked

55. Review Understanding the Threat How to Respond
Understanding the Challenges
What to Expect when Help Arrives 55

56. Questions or Comments