1. Ushma Sweda

2. Introduction to Swedana
Losnu~ & u] fLon~ & f.kp Y;qV A xk=kfnrks /kekZns% fuLlkj.k O;kikjs aA
The term ‘Swedana’ is derived from the root ‘Svid’ with ‘Dhy’ Pratyaya with the addition of Bhava Vachaka ‘Nicha’ and ‘Ach’.
Its one meaning is to ‘ripe’ or ‘cook’ and another meaning is perspiration which occurs in Grishma Rhitu.

3. IMPORTANCE OF SWEDANA
Swedana controls the Vayu . Thus urine, faeces & semen are never been obstructed. Even dry pieces of wood bend after proper application of oil & heat. Then what is to be said living human beings
LusgiwoZ iz;qäsu Losnsukoftrs·fuys A
iqjh"kew=jsrkafl u lTtfUr dFkapu AA
'kq"dk.;Zfi fg dk"Bkfu LusgLosnksiiknuS% A
ue;fUr ;FkkU;k;a fda iquftZorks ukjku AA
Ch. Su. 13/4 – 5
vfXufnIra eknZoa Rodizlkna HkäJ)ka lzksrlka fueZyRoe~ A
dq;kZr Losnks gfUr funzka lrUnzka lU/khu LrC/kkaõs"V;snk'kq ;qäAA
Su. Chi. 32/22

4. Type of Swedana
Acharya Sushruta & Vagbhata divided Swedana is in to 4 types.(diaphoretic measures)
Tapa Sweda – direct heat with solid substsnces
Upanaha sweda –poulticing (solid + water)
Drava sweda - heated fluid
Ushma swada –fomentation (water + air)
JENTAKA
AVAGAHA
SANKARA(Pinda )
KARSHU
PARISHEKA
PRASTARA
KUTI
NADI
KUPA
ASHMGHNA
HOLAKA
KUMBHI
BHOO

5. Ushma Sweda Instrument used in swedana : Nirukti : Ushma – Bashpa
Kapal ( broken pieces of earthen pot)
Pashana (stone)
Ostaka (brick)
Loha (iron)
Pinda (baked clay)

6. Indication
Ast. Su. 26/5
The part of body which of predominance of Kapha & Meda (fat).
which are painful or
which have tumors in them may be stemmed in his manner.

7. Procedure
Kapal, Pashana, Ostaka, Loha, Pinda all these diaphoretic measures should be made red hot in fire.
water or Kanji sprinkled over it.
wrapped with wet cloths & used in particular part of body for fomentation.

8. Sankara sweda Pinda Sweda (Vagbhata)
Mud, sand, dung of cow or other animals, husk of grains, bran, half cocked rice are boiled in Kanji and tied in bundles;
Then kept it in boiling Kanji and applied warmed over apart or whole body. Pinda Sweda is used in diseases of vata origin.

9. Kumbhi Sweda
The pots of full of meat juice, milk, Ghrita, Sneha, kanji, and decoction of leaves which cure Vata disease should be heated.
blanket or cloths are covered over a person then the patient should be fomented by their vapors.

10. Nadi Sweda
The drug mentioned are cut in to pieces, put into pot, water added & pot place over fire for boiling.
Another smaller pot is kept inverted over it & mouths of two sealed tight. A hole is made side of upper pot to which pipe adjusted pipe is made of kailanji
It looks like shape of elephant trunk and curved at three places (trivakra). & tubule fomentation applied all over body.
Length:- 1 & 1½ vyama

11. Ashmaghna Sweda
A stone which is of length of man , should be made hot by keeping fire woods of trees which has Vatahara properties.
After stone slab has become quite hot, the burning coals & woods are removed & slab is sprinkled with water, sour liquids etc. and covered with Vatahara leaves.
Then the patient is asked to lie down on the slab & his body is covered with thick cloth or blanket.

12. Mode of action of Swedana
LraHk xkSjo 'khr?ua Losnua Losndkjde~ A Ch.su.22/11
Stambhaghna: Swedana releases Stambha (stiffness). Rasa, Mamsa, Meda, Vasa are primarily responsible for Stambha.
Samana Vayu, by Ruksha Guna, absorbs Snigdhata and causes Stambha.
Sleshaka Kapha is Snigdha and due to its loss of function Stambha takes place.
Swedana is Snigdha and Ushna where Ushna Guna does Srotoshuddhi (cleansing of microchannels) and Ama Pachana and hence lessens stiffness.
It improves local blood and lymphatic circulation and thereby improving local tissue metabolism
Swedana relaxases the muscle fiber & joint ligament.

13. cont
Gauravaghna:
Swedana is responsible in relieving heaviness in the body.
Heaviness is due to Jala & Prithavi Mahabhuta. Apya Ghataka (liquid substances) of the body comes out through Sweda. Apya Tatva is Guru due to their expulsion and thus lightness is achieved.
Swedana stimulates muscles and nerves, thus gains lightness.

14. cont
Sheetaghna:
Swedana is chiefly Ushna(hot) and thus relieves Sheeta(coldness) by opposite property.
Swedakarakatva:
Swedana promotes sweating. Sweda has been considered as a type of Mala and impurities come out through it from the body.
Sweda is the bi-product of Meda Dhatu which dominates in Jala Mahabhuta. The Sweda produces Kleda in the body which is also Apa Mahabhuta Pradhana.

15. cont
Swedana Dravyas, by Ushna and Tikshna Gunas, are capable of penetrating of microcirculatory channels (Srotasa) where the sweat glands are activated to produce more sweat.
After dilatation of micro-channels, Laghu and Sara Guna of these Dravyas enable them to act on the Snigdha Dosha and direct them to move towards Kostha or excrete them through micro-pores of the skin in the form of sweat, resulting in Srotoshodhana.

16. Mode of action of Ushma Sweda
Pinda Sweda includes three therapeutic phenomenon's.
1. Hyperthermia
2. Transdermal drug absorption
3. Massage
It improves local blood and lymphatic circulation and thereby improving local tissue metabolism.
Hyperthermia Reduces inflammation by modifying secretion of various inflammatory mediators.
Hyperthermia:

17. cont
Hyperthermia relaxes local musculature by physical effect of heat and thereby reduces stiffness and spasm of paravertebral muscles
Hyperthermia decreases the level of stress hormone norepinephrine and hence produces parasymphetic dominance.
Hyperthermia increases the rate of trance dermal drug delivery and there by helpful during Patrapinda Sweda for better trance dermal drug absorption.

18. Trance dermal Drug absorption
In Ushma Sweda different Vatahara Kwatha ,Kalka & oils are used which forms micro emulsion (water + oils ) of drugs.
Absorption via the transdermal route primarily occurs by passive diffusion through the stratum corneum & water oil emulsion easily pass through it.
Trance dermal drug administration bypasses the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic first-pass biotransformation and metabolism.

19. cont
It is useful in local inflammatory sites which excluded hazardous systemic effect of drug.
One study where Oil application along with massage in preterm babies showed increased serum level of essential fatty acids.

20. Massage and sensory integration:
In Pinda Sweda massage can increase the fresh oxygenated blood supple to the muscles and organs, and aid the drainage of venous blood, promoting the removal of waste products from the body. By increasing the flow of lymphatic material,
waste removal is also aided and white blood cell production is increased, boosting one’s natural immunity. Massage influences the equilibrium in the nervous system.
Snehana & Swedana generate soma-somatic, viscero-somatic and viscero-motor reflexes for the treatment of various somatic and visceral disorders.
Soma includes skeletal system and all soft tissue structures: skin, fascia, muscles, etc. Viscera includes the inner organs and systems of our body. The soma provides our locomotion, interaction with environment and also serves as a protective envelope for the viscera. Somatic and visceral structures are perfectly united together by the nervous system.

21. Thank you