1. Why do cells divide? Daily Question: Objective:
No Gum Please!
04/02/18
Agenda
Bell work
vocabulary
Gregor Mendel
Materials:
Notebook
Pencil/pen
Objective:
Today we will discuss Gregor Mendel’s contributions to genetics.
Daily Question:
Why do cells divide?

2. Monday 4/2/2018 A Day
Period 1
8:30-10:00
Period 2
10:03-11:33
Period 3
11:36-1:06
Lunch
1:06-1:36
Reteach
1:39-3:30

3. Cells are the basic units of life
March/April
Essential Question
Learning Goal: I will be able to understand how organisms grow, reproduce and maintain themselves through cell division. 4 3 2 1
Student can analyze the circumstances in which mitosis and meiosis are used in living organisms.
Student can understand by modeling the structure of DNA, cell cycle and Mitosis.
Student can describe and classify the structure of DNA and cell division.
Student can explain living organisms have cells, DNA, genes, and chromosomes.

4. Patterns of heredity can be predicted
Learning Goal: I will be able to understand and recognize patterns in genetic traits. 4 3 2 1
Student can analyze a pedigree and re-organize into a Punnett square to check for genetic mutations.
Student can understand the probability of inheriting genetic traits using and reading a Punnett square.
Student can describe and classify dominant recessive genes, purebred, hybrid, homogenous, heterogeneous. Student can complete a Punnett square.
Student can observe different traits amongst organisms.

5. Vocabulary-write in notebook
1. Allele
Each member of a gene pair that determines a specific trait.
2. Genes
Units of heredity; segments of DNA on chromosomes
3. Dominant Trait:
A trait that is expressed when 2 alleles for the same trait are present (BB or Bb) “stronger trait”

6. Dominant/Recessive Vocabulary
4. Recessive Trait:
A trait that seems to disappear when 2 alleles for the same trait are present (bb) “weaker trait”
5. Phenotype:
Physical appearance (brown hair, green eyes)
6. Genotype:
Gene makeup of an organism
(RR, Rr, or rr)

7. Dominant/Recessive Vocabulary
7. Homozygous:
Genotype with Identical alleles, same letters (RR = dominant, rr = recessive)
Genotype with different alleles, but dominant one shows up (Bb always has the dominant phenotype).
8. Heterozygous:

8. Chapter 4 Vocabulary
Heredity- Is the passing of genes from parents to offspring Punnett square- illustrates how the parents’ alleles might combine in offspring Genetics- is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.

9. True-breeder: produces offspring with a particular trait when allowed to breed naturally. Has pure genes, “Pure bred.”
Non-true-breeder: produces offspring that are not necessarily identical to itself, mixture of genes, “hybrid”.
Trait- a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person.

10. Heredity and Genetics NOTES

11. Parents And Offspring Are Similar
Inherited Traits- Obtained from parents-passed down from generation to generation.
Examples: Dimples, Freckles, Eye Color, Hair Color, Height, Body Type

12. Parents And Offspring Are Similar
Acquired Traits- Not passed down from parents, LEARNED throughout your lifetime. (liking pizza, good with technology, outgoing, athletic)

13. Genes are on Chromosome Pairs
Individuals inherit genes from PARENTS
Genes are located on CHROMOSOMES
Each parent contributes ONE gene for each trait
Genes code for TRAITS
Humans have 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent

14. Let’s make a flip chart…….
Fold “hot dog bun” way, long-way
Cut 3 times on the top flap only
You should have 4 flaps
Vocabulary word will go on top, definition and picture goes inside

15. Nucleus – the “brain” of the cell contains the genetic materials of the cell controls growth, repair, and reproduction

16. Chromosome – found in the nucleus thread-like coils that contain DNA humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes

17. DNA – molecule in the chromosome looks like a “twisted ladder”

18. Gene - a certain section of DNA

19. Nucleus Chromosome DNA Gene

20. Remember ? Nucleus Chromosome DNA Gene
Never Chase Dirty Giraffes

21. Gregor Mendel’s Discoveries about Heredity
He studied…
How traits were inherited in pea plants!
Mendel’s Conclusions
Traits inherited in patterns
Some traits were stronger than others

22. Alleles Interact to Produce Traits
An allele is a different form of a gene
Phenotype
Physical or observable traits
Ex: blue eyes, black hair, etc
Phenotype is determined by
GENOTYPE
Genotype
Gene pairs, or gene combo
Represented by 2 letters
(one for each allele)
EX: Bb, TT, rr
2 alleles make a GENOTYPE
Dominant
Stronger trait, hides recessive trait
Represented by A CAPITAL LETTER
EX: B, T, R
Recessive
Weaker trait, sometimes hidden
Represented by a lower case letter
EX: b, t, r

23. “The Father of Genetics”
GREGOR MENDEL
“The Father of Genetics”

24. Austrian monk from the 1800’s.
Studied over 30,000 specimens of pea plants during an 8 year period.
He studied 7 characteristics of pea plants:
Plant height (dwarf vs. tall)
Flower & pod position (on side or top of stem)
Seed shape (round or wrinkled)
Seed color (green or yellow)
Pod shape (inflated or constricted)
Pod color (green or yellow)
Flower color (white or purple)

26. Mendel’s 1st experiment crossed a true-breeding plant of regular height w/ a true-breeding plant of short height.
All of the plants were of regular height. → 1st Generation.
The short trait seemed to have disappeared.

27. Next, Mendel let the 1st generation self-pollinate w/ each other → 2nd Generation.
75% of the plants were regular height, 25% were short.
He repeated this experiment for multiple traits – flower color, pod color, etc.
He found that similar results were obtained in each experiment.

29. Heredity Video He realized that…
Organisms must have 2 “factors” for each possible trait, one from each parent.
Some traits can be masked by others.
Heredity Video

30. Widows Peak
Tongue roll
Cleft Chin
Dimples
Attached
Free hanging