1. War and Expansion in the United States
Chapter 10
Section 3

2. War and Expansion in the United States
After the Revolutionary War many Americans began to move west beyond the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River
The government helped settlers acquire new territory
1803 the Louisiana Purchase
1819 Spain gave up Florida
1846 a treaty with Great Britain gave the US the Oregon Territory
By 1850 the United States stretched from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean
War and Expansion in the United States

3. War and Expansion in the United States
Many Americans believed in the idea of Manifest Destiny
The US had the right to spread democracy and rule the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific
It viewed non-whites as inferior
Manifest Destiny was used to remove Native American from their lands and to fight a war with Mexico
The Mexican-American War gave the US a huge area of the southwest
War and Expansion in the United States

4. War and Expansion in the United States
By the middle of the 1800s the North and the South had developed different ways of life, by 1861 these differences led to the Civil War
Economic differences
North
Had farms and industry (diversified economy)
Depended on free workers
South
Had an economy based on a few cash crops (cotton, some tobacco)
Depended on slave labor
Conflict over slavery
Issues over slavery
Many in North morally opposed to slavery
Southerners wanted to protect slavery and allow it to expand to the west
Debate over rights of individual states against the rights of the federal government
South supported state’s rights
North supported the power of the federal government
War and Expansion in the United States

5. War and Expansion in the United States
After the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 many southern states began to secede from the United States
Lincoln had promised to stop the spread of slavery to new territories
Within a few months they created another country the Confederate States of America
the U.S. Civil War was fought
North eventually won because of:
Larger population
Better transportation networks (railroads)
Greater resources
More factories
After the war southern economy and society were ruined
War and Expansion in the United States

6. War and Expansion in the United States
1863 Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation
Frees all slaves in the Confederate States
Changes war from one to save Union to a war to end slavery
After war 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the US Constitution were passed
They banned slavery, granted the right of citizenship to former slaves, and guaranteed the right to vote for former slaves
(Reconstruction) the Union Army occupied the south to enforce constitutional protections
After the Union troops these protections were taken away from African Americans in the South
Most were denied the right to vote and participate fully in society
Most still faced discrimination in the North as well
War and Expansion in the United States

7. War and Expansion in the United States
The need for mass production, communication and distribution of goods and information during the Civil War sped up industrialization across the US
By 1900 the US was a leading industrial power
Two reasons:
Immigration increased after the Civil War, many settled in cities near industrial centers and provided labor
Railroads expanded after the Civil War
By 1900 tracks united cities and farms and moved natural resources and industrial goods across the country
War and Expansion in the United States

8. Nineteenth Century Progress
Chapter 10
Section4

9. Nineteenth Century Progress
Growing industry led to more technological advances
Late 1800s new types of energy to power machines came into use (instead of coal and steam)
Gasoline powered internal combustion engines
Electricity was harnessed by the electric generator
Thomas Edison
Developed the light bulb (factories could go all night)
Developed the phonograph and 1,000 other inventions
Developed the idea of a research laboratory
Bell and Marconi
Revolutionized communications
Bell- telephone (1876)
Marconi- created the first radio (1895)
Nineteenth Century Progress

10. Nineteenth Century Progress
Henry Ford and the Automobile
1880s Germans invented the gasoline powered engine
Cars were built by hand and were expensive
Henry Ford made the car affordable
Cars were made with standardized parts that were interchangeable
Produced on a assembly line they could be made in two hours
Fords Model T sold for $300 by 1915
Led to gasoline industry, road building and gave people freedom to travel where they wanted (no longer tied to train tracks)
Nineteenth Century Progress

11. Nineteenth Century Progress
Wright Brothers
1903 they launched the first gasoline powered flying machine and ushered in the age of air travel
Nineteenth Century Progress

12. Nineteenth Century Progress
New Ideas in Medicine
Allowed people to live longer, healthier lives
Germ theory of disease
First discovered by Louis Pasteur
Developed process to kill germs in liquid through heat (pasteurization)
Became clear that bacteria caused diseases
1865- Joseph Lister, British surgeon developed methods to kill germs in hospitals using antiseptics
Lowered rates of patients dying from infections in hospitals
Cities built plumbing and sewer systems to improve public health and prevent the spread of deadly diseases like typhoid, and yellow fever
Nineteenth Century Progress

13. Nineteenth Century Progress
New Ideas in Science
1859 Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
Developed theory of evolution
The idea that all forms of life evolved from earlier living forms and evolve over many generations
Species that survived were the best adapted to their environment
Nineteenth Century Progress

14. Nineteenth Century Progress
Social Sciences Explore Behavior
Scholars began to study society and behavior in a scientific way
Psychology (study of the human mind and behavior)
Viewed human actions as unconscious reactions to previous experiences
Sigmund Freud believed that the unconscious mind drives how people think and act
Developed psychotherapy to deal with psychological conflicts
Challenged the Enlightenment idea that humans could perfect themselves through reason
Nineteenth Century Progress

15. Nineteenth Century Progress
The Rise of Mass Culture
Better sanitation, health care increased life expectancy
Factory produced goods, foods, indoor plumbing led to higher standards of living
Rising wages and shorter work weeks led to more leisure time
Rich and poor could purchase same clothes, household items, etc.
Free public education led to higher rates of literacy and a mass market for magazines and books
Growth of public education, improvements in education, the invention of the radio and phonograph and more leisure time led to a rise in a common mass culture
People became more alike in their consumption patterns
Nineteenth Century Progress

16. Nineteenth Century Progress
Rise of Mass Culture
Rising wages and shorter work weeks led to more leisure time
New activities filled peoples leisure time
By the early 1900’s movies had become big business
Amusement parks began to open late 1800’s, Coney Island (NYC). Catered to urban residents that wanted to get away, represented vacation
Vaudeville and its variety of acts was popular
The first circus appeared (P.T. Barnum)
Wild West shows traveled the country
Baseball was emerging as a national pastime
Spectator sports like football, boxing, horseracing became popular
These sports could be broadcast over the radio
Nineteenth Century Progress