1. The INTEGUMENTARY System
“Captain”- Chemical
“Crunch”- Cell
“Tastes”- Tissue
“Oh!!!!”- Organ
“So”- System

2. Structures of the integumentary system.
Skin 
Glands 
Hair 
Nails

3. Skin and Its Structures

4. Integumentary system components.
Skin
Protection
Regulation of Body Temperature
Reception of Stimuli
Excretion
Synthesis of Vitamin D
Immunological Function

5. Hair Growths from the epidermis Primary function is protection
Helps regulate body temperature
Touch receptors associated with hair follicles

6. Hair Color
Due to amount of melanin produced in the cells of the hair shaft
Can accumulate air bubbles in the hair shaft which causes hair to turn gray or white

7. Nails Of hard keratin Corresponds to hooves and claws
Grows from nail matrix

8. Cells of the Epidermis Keratinocytes Melanocytes produces keratin
waterproofs the skin
protective barrier
Melanocytes
produces melanin
protection from sunlight

9. Describe the major layers of skin. (Dermis)
Dermal Layer
Layer of skin under the epidermis
Made up of collagen and elastic connective tissue fibers
Contains the blood vessels, hair follicles, and nerve endings of the skin

10. Arrector Pili Muscle (3)
Bundle of smooth muscles associated with each hair that makes the hair stand up when contracted
cold
frightened
aggressive posturing
emotions

11. Receptors of the Skin Consists of distal ends of neurons
Similar to antennae in that they receive information about the environment
Free nerve endings – pain, temperature, itch, hair movement
Meissner’s Corpuscles - light touch
Merkel (tactile) disc – light touch
Pacinian Corpuscles - deep pressure

12. Sudoriferous (sweat) glands.
Glands secrete sweat.
Primary function - regulates body temperature by evaporation of water
Eliminates some waste products

13. Types of sweat glands Eccrine - Most numerous Apocrine
True sweat: 99% water, some salts, traces of waste
Open through pores
Apocrine
Axillary, anal and genital areas only
Ducts open into hair follices
The organic molecules in it decompose with time - odor
Modified apocrine glands
Ceruminous – secrete earwax
Mammary – secrete milk

14. Sebaceous glands. Oil glands usually associated with hair follicles
Secrete an oily substance called sebum a mixture of fats, cholesterol, protein and inorganic salts
Keeps hair from drying out and becoming brittle
Keeps skin soft and pliable
Inhibits growth of certain bacteria

15. Sebaceous (oil) glands
Entire body except palms and soles
Produce sebum
Oils and lubricates

16. DISORDERS, DISEASES, AND HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCES OF THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

17. Disorders of the integumentary system
Burns
Threat to life
Catastrophic loss of body fluids
Dehydration and fatal circulatory shock
Infection
Types
First degree – epidermis: redness (e.g. sunburn)
Second degree – epidermis and upper dermis: blister
Third degree - full thickness
Infections
Skin cancer

18. Burns First-degree Second-degree Third-degree
(epidermis only; redness)
Second-degree
(epidermis and dermis,
with blistering)
Third-degree
(full thickness, destroying epidermis, dermis, often part of hypodermis)

19. Skin Cancer cancerous growths of skin tissue
often caused by prolonged exposure to the sun
three main types of skin cancers
Basal Cell Carcinomas
Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Malignant Melanomas

20. Skin Cancer
Sqaumous cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Melanoma

21. Basal Cell Carcinomas
Tumors that arise from the basal cells of the epidermis
Slow growing - rarely metastasize
Account for over 75% of all skin cancers
Caused by chronic over-exposure to the sun
More common in fair skinned individuals over 40 years of age
Treated by excision of the tumor

22. Basal Cell

23. Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Tumors that arise from the squamous cells of the epidermis
Vary in the ability to metastasize
Arise from pre-existing lesions on sun exposed skin
More common in older, fair skinned males
Treated by excision or X-Ray irradiation

25. ABCDE Method to Assess Skin Cancer
A - Asymmetry
B - Border
C - Color
D - Diameter
E - Evolution

26. Malignant Melanomas
Cancerous growths that arise from melanocytes of the stratum basale
Leading cause of skin cancer deaths
Spreads through the lymph and blood
Least common type of skin cancer (3%)
Caused by chronic over-exposure to UV light
Treated by surgical removal of large amounts of tissue and X-Ray irradiation

28. Skin Cancer Risk Factors
Skin Type
light skin - greater risk
Geographic Location
higher altitude - greater risk
Age
older - greater risk
Immunological Status
immuno-suppresed - greater risk
Personal Habits
occupations, leisure activities, recreation