1. AP World History Chapter 19
Islamic Gunpowder Empires

2. Ottoman & Safavids P.E.R.S.I.A

3. Political
Defeat of the Seljuks by the Mongols makes it possible for the Ottoman Turks to emerge and Dominate.
The Sultans and their Court use factions against each other to maintain power.
Vizier oversees a large portion of the Bureaucracy.
Ottoman decline begins in the 1600’s with the defeat at the Siege of Vienna, (1529, 1683).
Decline because they are over extended, infrastructure is insufficient, and the empire was built on conquest.
Decline caused also by regional leaders divert revenue.
Janissaries stop military innovation.
Safavids defeated by Ottomans in 1514.
1529

5. Economic
Constantinople becomes the Commercial center of the Islamic world.
The Turkish government controls trade, crafts and Artisan guilds. (Government Monopoly)

6. Religion Sufi preachers, mystics spread Islam.
Shi’ism modified and spread to entire empire of the Ottomans.

7. Social State geared to warfare and expansion.
Turkic horsemen become warrior nobility.
Janissary infantry
Conscripted youth from conquered peoples.

8. Intellectual
Constantinople restored and a flowering of Ottoman culture occurs.
The Suleymaniye mosque is built in the 16th century.
Elites support massive building projects, i.e. Mosques.

9. Area
Expansion into Middle East, North Africa, Balkans in Europe, and Dominate Mediterranean.
Portuguese outflank Middle East trade Sail around Africa into Indian Ocean Victories over Muslim navies.

11. Decline Inflation caused by New World bullion hurt the Ottomans.
Comes at same time as loss of revenue from control of trade.
Siege of Vienna (Epic Fail)

14. Geography , location and Mongol invasion of Safavids
Compare and Contrast
Ottomans
Safavids
Warrior Aristocracies
Rural estates of rich
Imperial workshops
Artisans patronized
International trade
Women lose freedom
Warrior Aristocracies
Rural estates of rich
Imperial workshops
Artisans patronized
International trade
Women lose freedom
Geography , location and Mongol invasion of Safavids
Is the big difference.

15. Mughal P.E.R.S.I.A

16. Political Babur is driven from Afghanistan and invades India in 1526.
Defeats Muslim Lodi dynasty.
Defeats Hindu Confederation.
Akbar reconciles with Hindus. How?

17. Economic Akbar interested in Indian Ocean trade.
Welcomed foreign trade.
Items traded, Horses and Bullion.
Produced Cotton and Silk Textiles.

18. Religion
Akbar creates a new religion Din-i-Ilahi to try and reconcile with Hindus.
Din-i-Ilahi is a blend of Islam and Hinduism. It teaches Toleration.

19. Social
Mix of Islamic beliefs and the Caste System.

20. Inellectual

21. Area