1. Properties of Acids and Bases
Unit 13 – Acid and Bases
Properties of Acids and Bases
Properties
Common Uses
Neutralization and Salts
Indicators
Print 1-11, 13

2. HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl– A. Definitions Acids + –
Ionize in water to form ______________
Proton (H+) donors
hydronium ions
(H3O+)

3. NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH– A. Definitions Bases + –
Ionize in water to form ______________
Proton (H+) acceptors
hydroxide ions
(OH–)

4. B. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl– H + – H O O Cl Cl H H H H
conjugate base is formed when an acid donates an H+.

5. NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH– B. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs + –
conjugate acid is formed when a base accepts an H+.

6. NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH– B. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
(gain H+)
NH3 + H2O  NH OH–
Conjugate Acid
Conjugate Base
Base
Acid
(lose H+)
Conjugate Acid-Base Pair
related by loss or gain of a single H+ ion.

7. Zn + 2 HCl  ZnCl2 + H2 C. Properties ACIDS BASES sour taste
turn litmus red
conduct (ions)
sing. rep. rxn w/ metals form H2 gas
bitter taste
turn litmus blue
conduct (ions)
slippery feel
Red Ac-ed
Zn + 2 HCl 
ZnCl2 + H2

8. Formulas usually start with H
D. Common Acids
Formulas usually start with H
Acetic acid HC2H3O Vinegar
Carbonic acid H2CO Sodas
Hydrochloric acid HCl Stomach acid
Nitric acid HNO Fertilizer, industry
Ascorbic acid C6H8O Vitamin C
Sulfuric acid H2SO Battery acid

9. Formulas usually end with OH
D. Common Bases
Sodium hydroxide NaOH Drain cleaner, soap
Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 Antacid, laxative
Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Concrete, plaster
Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 Deodorant, antacid
Ammonia NH Cleaner, fertilizer
Formulas usually end with OH

10. E. Neutralization and Salts
rxn of acid and base making a salt and water
ACID + BASE  SALT + WATER =
HCl + NaOH  NaCl + HOH
H2O

11. E. Neutralization and Salts
KOH + HNO3  H2O + KNO3
Acid?
Base?
Salt?
donates H+
OH– accepts H+
neutral ionic compound
(metal/nonmetal)

12. E. Neutralization and Salts
Sodium chloride NaCl flavoring, preservative
Sodium carbonate Na2CO glass
Potassium chloride KCl salt substitute to reduce sodium
Potassium iodide KI Added to table salt for more iodine
Magnesium chloride MgCl2 De-icer for roads
Calcium carbonate CaCO Chalk and marble
Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 Fertilizer, cold packs

13. F. Indicators Indicator changes color in an acid or base Examples:
litmus - red/blue
phenolphthalein - colorless/pink
red cabbage juice - pink/green

14. F. Indicators
Universal Indicator

15. Quick Quiz! 1) Which of the following is a characteristic of bases?
A) taste sour
B) turn litmus red
C) feel slippery
D) react with metals to form H2 gas 15

16. Quick Quiz. to act as an acid and why?
2) Which compound is most likely
to act as an acid and why?
A) H2O
B) NH3
C) NaOH
D) H2SO4
b/c it can donate an H+ 16

17. Quick Quiz. 3) When a neutralization takes place,
one of the products is always…
A) carbon dioxide
B) a salt
C) sodium chloride
D) a precipitate
(not just NaCl) 17

18. Quick Quiz. 4) A(n) _________ changes color in an acid or base.
A) precipitate
B) salt
C) ammonia solution
D) indicator 18