1. Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium
Found Patterns and Future Value of Smart City Architecture Project Kickoff
5 December 2017
Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

2. Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium
Ingredients
Reusable design patterns occurring in Smart Safe City initiatives.
Existing ICT blueprints, frameworks, guidelines, solutions
Applicable IT standards and practices
Stories, requirements, constraints, warnings from innovation experience
Agreements -> practices -> standards => interoperability
Roles and responsibilities
As Is -> Becoming -> To Be Continuing
Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

3. Summary of SCIRA Development & Pilot
Architecture Framework Development
SCIRA
Workshops with municipal IT leaders
Deployment Guides Development
Select Prototypes Hackathon
SCIRA Pilot Implementation
with updates to SCIRA and Deployment Guides based on pilot results

4. (Architectural) Landscape Assessment
Formal architectural initiatives
(Less) formal practice and guidance
Design elements “in the wild”
Representative use cases
Typical stakeholders
Exemplar cities and organizations
Indicators - predictors and metrics
Trends in technology, policy, and practice
Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

5. Representative Use Cases
First responder awareness
Community engagement
Municipal services
Critical infrastructure
Disaster planning
Mobility
Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

6. Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium
Stakeholders
Executive / manager
Municipal planner
Public safety coordinator
First responder — police, fire, medical, hazmat
Municipal technologies
State / county public safety liaison
Smart city technology vendor / consultant
Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

7. Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium
Elements - Scales
Personal - individuals
Local – neighborhoods
District – communities
Municipal
Regional
National
Global
Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

8. Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium
Elements - Functions
Architecture and Engineering
Operations and Maintenance
Security - Resilience
Quality - Performance
Positioning - measurement and alignment
Identification - Provenance
Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

9. Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium
Elements - Visions
Livability
relates to the quality of life as "the general well-being of individuals and societies, outlining negative and positive features of life. It observes life satisfaction, including everything from physical health, family, education, employment, wealth, religious beliefs, finance and the environment" [1:
Sustainability
refers to the ability provided by "sound management of city finances, diverse revenue streams, and the ability to attract business investment, allocate capital, and building emergency needs" [2: The Rockefeller Foundation, "City Resilience Framework", April 2014, Updated December 2015]
Resiliency
"the measurable ability of any urban system, with its inhabitants, to maintain continuity through all shocks and stresses, while positively adapting and transforming toward sustainability" [3: UN-Habitat, Urban Resilience Hub, what-is-urban-resilience/]
Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

10. Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium
Elements - Domains
Connectivity
Mobility
Public Safety
Water
Buildings
Energy
Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

11. Elements - Engineering
Application (physical world / user interaction)
Services - reusable application parts
Computational methods - workflows and algorithms
Processing - Storage platforms
Network connectivity - wired / wireless telecommunications
Data Acquisition - sensing, submittal, documentation
Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

12. Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium
Elements - Maturity
Ad-hoc
Opportunistic
Repeatable
Managed
Optimized
Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

13. Indicators - Predictors
Involvement of city administration leadership
Involvement of stakeholders
Cross-domain approach: safety, fire, traffic, energy, etc.
Multi disciplinary/multi technology approach based on standards for common understanding
Protection against vendor lock-in with open architecture
Flexible and resilient systems
Scale-up, replication and interoperability provisions
Data privacy and cybersecurity measures
Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

14. Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium
Indicators - Metrics
Increase effectiveness of police, fire, first responders
Reduce Response time for police department from initial call
Reduce crimes: homicide, violence crimes property crimes
Reduce traffic accidents
Reduce harm from emergencies and disasters
Improve response to emergencies and disasters
Improve impact of citizen awareness on reducing crime - e.g., social media
Improve impact of citizen involvement on emergency and disaster response
Improve data privacy
Improve use of indicator and dashboard initiatives
Increase participation of vulnerable groups that are not well represented in the society
Increased use of local workforce and local job creation
Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

15. Architectural Metalevels
Concept Model - the set of terms and their relationships that establish a domain of discourse for architectural modeling, e.g. [SCCM]
Architecture Model - the design formalism for specifying an architecture, e.g. [RM-ODP], [SSE-AD], [SCRAM]
Reference Architecture - Design framework, patterns, and elements that are broadly applicable to a design domain, e.g. [ISO30145], [DIN91357]
Solution Architecture - Instantiation of a reference architecture to a specific implementation context
Implementation - "As-built" design that describes the form and function of working systems
Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

16. Architectural Standards, etc.
ISO/IEC 10746, Open Distributed Computing Reference Model
ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2011 Systems and software engineering Architecture description data interoperability
ISO 37120:2014, Sustainable development of communities — Indicators for city services and quality of life
IEC TS ED1 Systems Reference Document - Smart Cities - Smart Cities Reference Architecture Methodology
ISO/IEC 30182:2017 Smart city concept model — Guidance for establishing a model for data interoperability
DIN Reference Architecture Model Open Urban Platform (OUP)
ISO/IEC WD 0.8 of Smart City ICT Reference Framework Part 3: Smart City Engineering Framework
----
Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

17. Conceptual Model of Architecture Framework

18. Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium
Design Perspectives
ISO/IEC Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing [RM-ODP] inspired viewpoints:
Business domains, stakeholders, scenarios, value
Knowledge creation, flow, exchange
Service capabilities
Engineering of hardware and software solutions
Operation of deployed systems
Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

19. Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium
Design Perspectives
ISO/IEC Smart Cities Architecture Methodology (SCRAM) viewpoints:
Value (stakeholders, high-level requirements, mission, vision)
Big Picture (Illustrative, essential characteristics, architecture principles)
Motivation (linking stakeholder roles and concerns, e.g. win-wins, compromises, conflicts)
Capability Map (Level 1 modularization, level 2 modularization)
Target Operating Model Engineering (Function map, service map, process map, data flows, organogram)
Operating
Implementation
Security, Safety, Risk, Privacy and Resilience
Standards
Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

20. Enabling Layers and Domain Goals
Layers vs Goals
Connectivity & Mobility
Sensor Web & IoT
Models & Alignments
Services & Analytics
Community Engagement
Strategy & Capacity
Public Safety
Good Government
Livability & Opportunity
Resilience & Sustainability
Economic Development
Civic Knowledge & Identity
Public Safety / First Responders
Resilience & Preparedness
Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

21. As Is => Becoming => To Be Continued
Several dimensions of interdependence impractical to optimize
Challenge to focus on involvement of / benefits to people and communities rather than technology
“Becoming” will never end, but capabilities and coalitions do achieve levels of functionality and maturity
Deployment
Guides / Playbooks
Design
Dimensions
Cube
Implementation
Roadmap Graph
Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

22. SCIRA Design & Development
Initial version SCIRA, based on
Architecture landscape assessment, trade study, architecture process assessment
Stakeholder workshop results
SDO inputs on topics of highest relevance
Identify topics for Deployment Guides
Prepare and present draft SCIRA to Architecture Workshop
Refined version of SCIRA, based on
Architectural Views Workshop
Inputs from Hackathon and Workshop demonstration results
Alignment with Deployment Guides / Guide Workshop
Smart City Pilot and other on-going deployments
Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium