1. Political Development in the Early Republic
Ch 11 pg

2. Introduction First Leaders of the Country
George Washington- First President
Henry Knox- Secretary of War (Fought with Washington)
Alexander Hamilton- Secretary of Treasury
Thomas Jefferson- Secretary of State (manage relations)
These three men became apart of the president cabinet
All picked for being patriots and brilliant men
But Hamilton and Jefferson were opposite (new government parties)

3. Launching the New Government
On April 30, 1789 George Washington became president
First congress was divided
1 side- want to build strong national government
2 side- want to limit the power of the government
Debated over what to call the president
Washington decided on Mr. President
Three departments set up
Dept. of State- handle relations with other countries
Dept of war- defend the nation
Treasury dept- oversee nations finances

4. Washington as President
First main issue for new nation was money
Congress raised money through luxury taxes (1791)
Like whisky and carriages
Whiskey Rebellion- Farmers in the west were making grain into whiskey because it was easier to ship (tax made things too expensive)
Tax was lowered in 1793 but people in Penn still rebelled. Tarred and feathered tax collectores
Hamilton and Washington as a threat to govt.
Sent 1300 troops to fight rebels
Jefferson didn’t like this/ thought Hamilton would violate peoples liberties

6. Washington As President continued…
French Revolution
French rebelled against their king in 1789 and became a republic
American liked this: Especially Jefferson and fellow Republicans
Saw as a crusade for democracy
But French rebels began beheading wealthy nobels- killing over 20,000 people
Hamilton and Federalists were appalled by this bloodshed (scared of what would happen to them)

8. Washington as President continued…
Washington’s Farewell Address
There was a growing division between Republicans and Federalists and Washington was thought to be the only one to fix this.
Ran for a second term in 1792 but that was it
Washington reminded the nation why they are free and of two issues
1) Threat was spirit of the party
2) Threats with other countries
Washington was successful: added three new states, kept the nation in unity and peace

10. Alexander Hamilton & Federalist Party
First leader was Hamilton
Emerged during the ratification of the constitution
Hamilton
Born in the west indies- at 13 was sent to New York after a hurricane
Could get angry but was known for being intelligent and full of energy
Did not have family money so made his way alone
Met Washington during the war
Married Elizabeth Schuyler – rich family in NY
From her was elected to congress in NY

12. Alexander Hamilton & Federalist Party
Hamilton didn’t like when people put own interests and power over patriotism
Idea fueled federalist theory/ didn’t like govt that gave too much power to the “mob”
Wanted wealthy and smartest people to rule country
Federalists favored a strong central government- wanted to unite the country and fighting states under constitution

13. Hamilton Continued Economy-(1790) focused mainly in agriculture
Hamilton wanted to expand the economy in business, manufacturing, and trade
Need to pay of Rev. War debts (S. Paid but N didn’t)
Both wanted capital in their half of the country
South would support debt plan if they got the capital (put in district of Columbia)
Hamilton wanted congress to set up a national bank (help businesses and trade expand)
Congress didn’t know if it was in constitution but was eventually passed
French and Britain
French- didn’t like that they killed people
Britain- supported because they were merchants and were powerful like American hoped to be

15. Thomas Jefferson and the Republican Party
Jefferson believed Hamilton was sending the country to ruin not greatness
Jefferson
Born of an old and respected family in VA
1 of 10 children – gifted (violin, hunting, singing, dancing)
Went to college at 16- knew Greek and Latin
Inherited land from his father- VA tobacco planter
Used slaves to work his land
Couldn’t make great speeches but could write (Declaration/ Constitution)

17. Thomas Jefferson Continued…..
Thought informed citizens could make informed decisions
Had good faith in people who worked the soil- famers and workers
Government: Favored Democracy – small govt allowed people to enjoy their liberties
Thought there should be strict interpretation of the constitution
Favored strong state govt – keep national govt from getting too powerful/ closer to the people

18. Thomas Jefferson continued……
Economy
Thought it was from farmers not merchants or bankers
Based on agriculture
Didn’t like national bank idea or the growth of manufacturing
French and Britain
French- Supported even though revolution became bloody ( Sent general to Am. to have them join the war against Britain)
British- didn’t support because we just won freedom from them

20. Presidency of John Adams
Election of two political parties developed and had a say in the election
Republicans- Thomas Jefferson
Federalists- John Adams ( Won by three votes)
Top two leaders were from opposing parties
Adams tried to work with Jefferson until:
Congress passes three laws- Alien and Sedition Acts
Real reason was to make life difficult for republicans
1) lengthened the time it took to become a citizen who can vote from 5 to 14 years
2/3)President to jail or deport troublemakers
Sedition- didn’t allow rebellion against the govt

21. John Adams continued…….
VA & KY resolutions-
Republicans- saw these as an attack on free speech/press
Jefferson and Madison wrote statements opposing
Asked states to nullify (VA KY agreed)
Saw the states use ‘States’ rights theory
New National Capital
1800 federal govt moved to Washington DC
Still under construction though

22. Election of 1800 Republicans- Jefferson and Burr
Federalists- Adams and Pickney
Hamilton wanted to run but wasn’t American-born
Campaign
Jefferson- supported Constitution and states rights
Adams- Peace and prosperity
Papers attacked both runners
Federalists divided:
Hamilton didn’t like Adams foreign policy so pushed to have Pickney chosen (end up leading country)

24. Deadlock and a New Amendment
Electoral college voted for president and second place went to VP
Resulted in a tie
Went to the House of Reps- vote was a tie
After 6 days Hamilton asked his followers to vote for Jefferson
1804 New Amendment added (#12)
Electoral college have separate votes for President and VP to prevent ties
If no majority vote House of Reps selects out of top three choice and Senate picks VP
American showed they could shift power without having to go to war!