1. Warm-up What is the Byzantine Empire?
What is the Capital of the Byzantine Empire?
What is Justinian most known for during his rule?

2. Most missed questions on quiz
7. The following statements compare the Roman Republic and the American Republic. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
both republics contain 3 branches called the executive, the legislative, and the judicial.
a group called the Senate helps makes laws in both systems
in both republics, people elect representatives to vote on important matters
in both republics women have the right to vote
8. As a result of the 207 years of Pax Romana, the Roman Empire ____________________
Experienced continuing hostilities among neighboring regions
Survived invasions from barbarian tribes
Shrank in size and wealth
Experienced peace and prosperity
12. Roman rulers opposed Christianity because Christians
Were mostly Jews c. Called for the overthrow of the Roman rulers
Ignored wealth and status d. Would not worship the Roman gods

3. The Great Schism
Ms. Altman

4. The Church Divides Transformation of Christianity
During the Byzantine Empire, Christianity underwent a dramatic development.
The Empire had grown to such an extent again that communication throughout the empire was difficult.
Christianity had begun to develop differently in the Western and Eastern Roman Empires.

5. Eastern Christianity
In the East, Christianity had built its heritage on the works of early Church fathers, they would write and describe how monks and Christians should behave.

6. Social Hierarchy Problems
In the Catholic Church, the top of the Hierarchy is the Pope
Next come Bishops, then Cardinals, then Priests and Monks.
All church officials are referred to as the Clergy
A Patriarch in the leading Bishop.
Even the Pope or a Patriarch has to bow to the Emperor, yet an Emperor has to listen to a Pope to receive salvation.
This conflict between the Emperors and Popes relationship will cause conflicts for the rest of time.

7. Problem #1
In 730, Emperor Leo III banned the use of icons, religious images used by the Eastern Christians to aid their devotions.
The emperor viewed the use of icons as idol worship.
People responded with riots and the clergy rebelled.
In the West, the pope became involved in this eastern dispute and supported the use of icons.
In 843 the use of Icons was restored to the eastern churches.

8. Problem #2
Excommunication- banning someone from the Church and salvation
In 1054 matters became worse when the pope and the patriarch excommunicated each other in a dispute over religious doctrine.
Christianity officially split between the Roman Catholic Church in the West and the Orthodox Church in the East, this event became known as the Great Schism.

9. Orthodox Christianity
Orthodox means, “correct in teaching”.
As the West and East grew apart, the two traditions competed for converts.
Missionaries in the East took their form of Christianity to the Slavs, groups that inhabited the forests north of the Black Sea.
But how do you make someone understand something when you don’t speak the same language?

10. Illuminated Manuscripts
Most people were illiterate at the time so it helped them understand the Bible and it’s stories without knowing how to read.

11. Cyrillic Alphabet
Saint Methodius and Saint Cyril worked among the Slavs and invented an alphabet for the Slavic languages.
This Cyrillic Alphabet is the alphabet used to write Bibles for the Orthodox Church, this is the first time the Bible is written in another language other than Latin.
With an alphabet, Slavs would be able to read the Bible in their own tongues.

13. Francis (Left)
(right)

14. Byzantine influence on Russia