1. The Raven
Nevermore!

2. Cover Illustration by Gustave Doré
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3. Once Upon a Midnight Dreary
Typical Romantic themes:
Death
Love
The Individual
Emotion
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4. While I Pondered weak and weary
A plethora of literary techniques:
Alliteration
Assonance
Refrain
Internal rhyme
Classical allusions
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5. The Raven bauble by Shockwave
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6. Symbols
When Poe had decided to use a refrain that repeated the word "nevermore," he found that it would be most effective if he used a non-reasoning creature to utter the word
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8. More symbols
Poe also considered a parrot as the bird instead of the raven; however, because of the melancholy tone, and the symbolism of ravens as birds of ill-omen, he found the raven more suitable for the mood in the poem
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9. E.A. Poe The Raven“ hand-printed and hand- bound book “
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10. Symbolism
Another obvious symbol is the bust of Pallas. Why did the raven decide to perch on the goddess of wisdom? One reason could be, because it would lead the narrator to believe that the raven spoke from wisdom
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11. Midnight and December
Both midnight and December, symbolize an end of something, and also the anticipation of something new
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12. The chamber
The chamber in which the narrator is positioned, is used to signify the loneliness of the man, and the sorrow he feels for the loss of Lenore
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13. The Tempest
The tempest outside, is used to even more signify the isolation of this man, to show a sharp contrast between the calmness in the chamber and the tempestuous night
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15. “Nevermore”
The phrase "from out my heart," Poe claims, is used, in combination with the answer "Nevermore," to let the narrator realize that he should not try to seek a moral in what has been previously narrated
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16. Language
In "The Raven," the use of ancient and poetic language seems appropriate, since the poem is about a man spending most of his time with books of "forgotten lore."
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17. Books of Forgotten Lore
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18. Seraphim
The fourteenth verse, "perfumed by an unseen censer / Swung by seraphim whose foot-falls tinkled..." is used to illustrate the swift, invisible way a scent spreads in a room. A seraphim is one of the six-winged angels standing in the presence of God.
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20. Nepenthe
Nepenthe," from the same verse, is a potion, used by ancients to induce forgetfulness of pain or sorrow.
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21. Balm in Gilead
"Balm in Gilead," from the following verse, is a soothing ointment made in Gilead, a mountainous region of Palestine east of the Jordan river.
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23. Aidenn
Aidenn," from the sixteenth verse, is an Arabic word for Eden or paradise.
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24. Plutonian
Plutonian," characteristic of Pluto, the god of the underworld in Roman mythology.
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25. Pluto
&
Persephone
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26. Philosophy of Composition
A poem should always be written short enough to be read in one sitting, and should, therefore, strive to achieve this single, unique effect.
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27. Philosophy of Composition
Poe figured that the length of a poem should stay around one hundred lines, and "The Raven" is 108 lines.
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28. Written backwards
The most important thing to consider in "Philosophy" is the fact that "The Raven," as well as many of Poe's tales, is written backwards. The effect is determined first, and the whole plot is set; then the web grows backwards from that single effect.
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29. Beauty
Poe chose Beauty to be the theme of the poem, since "Beauty is the sole legitimate province of the poem" (Poe, 1850).
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30. Lenore
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31. Death of a beautiful Woman
Of all melancholy topics, Poe wanted to use the one that was universally understood, and therefore, he chose Death as his topic. Poe believed that the death of a beautiful woman was the most poetical use of death, because it closely allies itself with Beauty
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32. The Climax
the third verse from the end--Poe made sure that no preceding stanza would "surpass this in rhythmical effect." Poe then worked backwards from this stanza and used the word "Nevermore" in many different ways, so that even with the repetition of this word, it would not prove to be monotonous
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33. No meaning in “Nevermore”
Poe builds the tension in this poem, stanza by stanza, but after the climaxing stanza he tears the whole thing down, and lets the narrator know that there is no meaning in searching for a moral in the raven's "nevermore
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34. The Raven as a symbol
The Raven is established as a symbol for the narrator's "Mournful and never-ending remembrance." "And my soul from out that shadow, that lies floating on the floor, shall be lifted - nevermore!"
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35. Jude
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36. Sources Edgar Allan Poe's "The Raven By Christoffer Nilsson
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37. Sources The Raven Society of the University of Virginia
An excellent Flash introduction by Shockwave
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38. The Poet—Madman or Genius?
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39. Lenore…is no more…nevermore!
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