1. The History of the Universe in 60 Minutes
11/8/2018
Max Tegmark, MIT

2. 100dpi
11/8/2018

3. Cosmology timeline: Overduin & Priester 2001, astro-ph/0101484 500 BC
2000 AD
Cosmology timeline:
11/8/2018
Overduin & Priester 2001, astro-ph/

4.
Cosmology timeline:
11/8/2018
Einstein’s theory of gravity
Cluster cosmology
Expanding Universe theoretically possible (Friedmann)
Universe is expanding (Hubble)
Derision cosmology
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (Gamow)
Cosmic Microwave Background predicted (Alpher & Herman)
Cosmic microwave backgroud anisotropies
Supernova cosmology
Galaxy redshift surveys
Weak gravitational lensing
Lyman a forest cosmology
1st quasar discovered (Schmidt)
Cosmic Microwave Background detected (Penzias & Wilson)
21 cm cosmology
Inflation invented (Guth, Linde, Albrecht & Steinhardt)
CfA Galaxy Redshift Survey
CMB anisotropies detected (COBE)
Dark energy discovered with supernovae (2 teams), CMB peaks detected
Weak lensing detected (4 teams)
WMAP CMB, SDSS galaxy clustering
2dF galaxy clustering
Precision cosmology
Planck CMB satellite
CMB polarization detected (DASI)
CMBPOL satellite? JDEM? JWST? LSST? SKA?

5. 11/8/2018
Flyabout +
SDSS movie

6. (Graphics from Gary Hinshaw/WMAP team)
11/8/2018
(Graphics from Gary Hinshaw/WMAP team)

7. Fluctuation generator
11/8/2018
Brief History of the Universe
Fluctuation generator
Fluctuation amplifier
Hot Dense Smooth
Cool Rarefied Clumpy
(Graphics from Gary Hinshaw/WMAP team)

8. Cosmological functions
11/8/2018
What do we want to measure?
Fluctuation generator
Fluctuation amplifier
Hot Dense Smooth
Cool Rarefied Clumpy
(Graphics from Gary Hinshaw/WMAP team)
Cosmological functions
(z), G(z,k), Ps(k), Pt(k)

9. Cosmological functions
11/8/2018
To 0th order:
Fluctuation generator
Fluctuation amplifier
Hot Dense Smooth
H(z)
Cool Rarefied Clumpy
(Graphics from Gary Hinshaw/WMAP team)
Cosmological functions
(z), G(z,k), Ps(k), Pt(k)

10. Cosmological functions
11/8/2018
To 1st order:
Fluctuation generator
Fluctuation amplifier
Hot Dense Smooth
H(z)
P(k,z)
Cool Rarefied Clumpy
(Graphics from Gary Hinshaw/WMAP team)
Cosmological functions

11. 11/8/2018
MATTER BUDGET
(Q)
INITIAL CONDITIONS

12. 11/8/2018
OUR
TOOLS

13. Smorgasbord
11/8/2018

14. 11/8/2018
Measuring
expansion

15. Arthur Geoffrey Walker 1909-?
11/8/2018
Arthur Geoffrey Walker 1909-?
(British; 1935 paper with H P Robertson showed that F(L)RW metric is only homogeneous & isotropic metric)
Alexander Friedmann
(Russian; 1922 paper)
George Lemaître
(Belgian; indep paper)

16. Cosmic scale factor a(t)
11/8/2018
Cosmic scale factor a(t)
t [Gigayears]

17. The Universe is expanding: H>0 today v≈Hr for v«c
11/8/2018
The Universe is expanding:
H>0 today
v≈Hr for v«c

18. 11/8/2018

19. Edwin Hubble 1889- (American; 1930 paper) Mt. Wilson Observatory 1931
11/8/2018
Edwin Hubble 1889-
(American; 1930 paper)
Mt. Wilson Observatory 1931

20. How measure distance & redshift?
11/8/2018
Hubble 1929:
H550 km/s/Mpc
Riess et al 1996:
H70 km/s/Mpc
How measure distance & redshift?

21. 11/8/2018

22. Cosmic scale factor a(t)
11/8/2018
Cosmic scale factor a(t)
t [Gigayears]

23. Standardizable candles
Boom zoom
Standardizable candles
11/8/2018
(From Saul Perlmutter’s web site)

24. Using galaxy correlations as a standardizable ruler:
Boom zoom
Using galaxy correlations as a standardizable ruler:
11/8/2018
(Eisenstein, Hu & MT 1998; Eisenstein et al 2005; Cole et al 2005)
Easiest to understand in real space
(Bashinsky & Bertschinger, PRL, 87, 1301, 2001; PRD , 2002)

25. We’ve measured distance to z=0.35 to 5% accuracy
Boom zoom
11/8/2018
(Eisenstein et al 2005, for the SDSS collaboration astro-ph/050112)
We’ve measured distance to z=0.35 to 5% accuracy

26. Big Bang nucleosynthesis as a standardizable clock:
11/8/2018
Tytler et al 2000, astro-ph/

27. H = dlna/dt, H2   Assumes k=0 SN Ia+CMB+LSS constraints
11/8/2018
H = dlna/dt, H2  
Assumes k=0
SN Ia+CMB+LSS constraints
Yun Wang & MT 2004, PRL 92,

28. 11/8/2018
Measuring
clustering

29. History
11/8/2018
CMB
Foreground-cleaned WMAP map from Tegmark, de Oliveira-Costa & Hamilton, astro-ph/

30. Boom zoom
11/8/2018
z = 1000

31. Boom zoom
11/8/2018
z = 2.4
Mathis, Lemson, Springel, Kauffmann, White & Dekel 2001

32. Boom zoom
11/8/2018
z = 0.8
Mathis, Lemson, Springel, Kauffmann, White & Dekel 2001

33. Boom zoom
11/8/2018
z = 0
Mathis, Lemson, Springel, Kauffmann, White & Dekel 2001

34. CMB LSS Lya 1par movies Lensing Clusters
11/8/2018
CMB
Clusters
LSS
Lensing
Lya
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/ updates

35. Cmbgg OmOl
11/8/2018

36. CMB LSS Lya 1par movies Lensing Clusters
11/8/2018
CMB
Clusters
LSS
Lensing
Lya
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/ updates

37. 000619 Galaxy power spectrum measurements 1999
11/8/2018
Galaxy power spectrum measurements 1999
(Based on compilation by Michael Vogeley)

38. 1par movies
11/8/2018
LSS

39. LSS 1par movies Clusters
11/8/2018
Clusters
LSS
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/ updates

40. CMB LSS 1par movies Clusters
11/8/2018
CMB
Clusters
LSS
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/ updates

41. History
11/8/2018
(Figure from Wayne Hu)
(Figure from WMAP team)

42. History
11/8/2018

43. History
11/8/2018
CMB
Foreground-cleaned WMAP map from Tegmark, de Oliveira-Costa & Hamilton, astro-ph/

44. Boom zoom
11/8/2018
Guth & Kaiser 2005, Science

45. CMB LSS 1par movies Clusters
11/8/2018
CMB
Clusters
LSS
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/ updates

46. CMB LSS Ly 1par movies Clusters
11/8/2018
CMB
Clusters
LSS
Ly
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/ updates

47. LyF Boom zoom Quasar You
Lyman Alpha Forest Simulation: Cen et al 2001
11/8/2018
LyF
Quasar
You

48. CMB LSS Ly 1par movies Clusters
11/8/2018
CMB
Clusters
LSS
Ly
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/ updates

49. CMB LSS Ly 1par movies Lensing Clusters
11/8/2018
CMB
Clusters
LSS
Lensing
Ly
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/ updates

50. GRAVITATIONAL LENSING:
11/8/2018
GRAVITATIONAL LENSING:
A1689 imaged by Hubble ACS, Broadhurst et al 2004

51. distortion
11/8/2018
Lensing

52. CMB LSS Ly 1par movies Lensing Clusters
11/8/2018
CMB
Clusters
LSS
Lensing
Ly
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/ updates

53. 000619 Galaxy power spectrum measurements 1999
11/8/2018
Galaxy power spectrum measurements 1999
(Based on compilation by Michael Vogeley)

54. CMB LSS Lya 1par movies Lensing Clusters
11/8/2018
CMB
Clusters
LSS
Lensing
Lya
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/ updates

55. But the best is yet to come…
11/8/2018
But the best is yet to come…

56. 11/8/2018
Measuring
cosmological
parameters

57. Cosmological parameter movies available at
11/8/2018
Cosmological parameter movies available at

58. Why are we cosmologists so excited?
Cmbgg OmOl
How much dark matter is there?
11/8/2018
b /(1.878810-26 kg m3)
Why are we cosmologists so excited?
=d /(1.878810-26 kg m3)

59. How much dark matter is there?
Cmbgg OmOl
How much dark matter is there?
11/8/2018
b /(1.878810-26 kg m3)
=d /(1.878810-26 kg m3)

60. How much dark matter is there?
Cmbgg OmOl
How much dark matter is there?
11/8/2018
b /(1.878810-26 kg m3)
Ruled out by CMB 2000
(COBE, Boomerang, MAXIMA, etc)
=d /(1.878810-26 kg m3)

61. CMB How much dark matter is there? Cmbgg OmOl b /(1.878810-26 kg m3)
11/8/2018
CMB
b /(1.878810-26 kg m3)
=d /(1.878810-26 kg m3)

62. + CMB P(k) How much dark matter is there? Cmbgg OmOl
11/8/2018
CMB +
b /(1.878810-26 kg m3)
P(k)
=d /(1.878810-26 kg m3)

63. + + CMB P(k) LyF How much dark matter is there? Cmbgg OmOl
11/8/2018
CMB +
b /(1.878810-26 kg m3)
P(k) +
LyF
SDSS LyaF analysis lead by Pat McDonald, Uros Seljak, Scott Burles & co

64. Cmbgg OmOl
11/8/2018
CMB

65. Cmbgg OmOl
11/8/2018

66. Cmbgg OmOl
11/8/2018
CMB +
LSS

67. Cmbgg OmOl
11/8/2018

68. 11/8/2018
MATTER BUDGET
(Q)
INITIAL CONDITIONS

69. Cosmological Parameters
11/8/2018
Cosmological data
Cosmological Parameters

70. Cosmological Parameters
11/8/2018
Cosmological data
Cosmological Parameters
ARE WE DONE?

71. Cosmological Parameters
11/8/2018
Cosmological data
Cosmological Parameters
Why these particular values?
Nature of dark matter? ?
Fundamental theory
Nature of dark energy?
Nature of early Universe?

72. MATTER BUDGET
(Q)
INITIAL CONDITIONS

73. Inflation!
(Q)
Baryogenesis
SUSY?
-physics
WHY?

74. Standard model parameters:
Why these values?
Standard model parameters:

75. Cosmological functions
11/8/2018
Cosmological data
H(z), P(k,z), ClT , ClX , ClE , ClB ,…
Cosmological functions
All vanilla?
(z), G(z,k), Ps(k), Pt(k)

76. Cosmological functions
11/8/2018
Cosmological data
H(z), P(k,z), ClT , ClX , ClE , ClB ,…
Cosmological functions
All vanilla?
(z), G(z,k), Ps(k), Pt(k)
Non-vanilla clustering?
Make at LHC?
Detect directly? Indirectly?
Non-constant density?
Clustering?
Clues about
Dark matter
Dark energy
Inflation
Non-scale invariance?
Gravitational waves?
Non-Gaussianity?
Isocurvature modes?
Non-flatness?

77. Cosmological functions
11/8/2018
Cosmological data
H(z), P(k,z), ClT , ClX , ClE , ClB ,…
Cosmological functions
All vanilla?
(z), G(z,k), Ps(k), Pt(k)
Non-vanilla clustering?
Make at LHC?
Detect directly? Indirectly?
Non-constant density?
Clustering?
Clues about
Dark matter
Dark energy
Inflation
Non-scale invariance?
Gravitational waves?
Non-Gaussianity?
Isocurvature modes?
Non-flatness?
c,  Q

78. DARK ENERGY: w(z) =-1, w’=w’’=…=0 No dark energy clustering Boom zoom
11/8/2018
DARK ENERGY:
w(z) =-1, w’=w’’=…=0
No dark energy clustering
Dark energy density
Redshift z

79. DARK MATTER: Boom zoom 0 1 2 Redshift z No direct detection
11/8/2018
DARK MATTER:
No direct detection
No indirect detection
No accelerator detection
No astrophysically observed departures from vanilla CDM
Growth factor (obs/theo)
Redshift z

80. INFLATION: Boom zoom Wavenumber k [1/Mpc]
11/8/2018
INFLATION:
No departures from scale invariance detected (n=1, dn/dlnk=0, etc)
No gravity waves detected
No non-Gaussianity detected
No isocurvature detected
Primordial power spectrum P*(k)/k
Wavenumber k [1/Mpc]

81. 11/8/2018