1. Topography
The arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area.
Topography is important to understanding geography and where certain landforms are.

2. Earth’s Land Landform - natural physical feature on Earth’s surface
Plain - Landform made up of nearly flat land.
Mountain - Landform with high elevation.
Plateau - Landform with high elevation and level surface.
Continuing on the lithosphere we mentioned many slides earlier and building up on the theme of topography, the children must have an understanding on what certain landforms are. A landform is a natural physical feature on Earth’s surface. It includes but is not limited to plains, mountains, and plateaus.

3. Earth’s Land (cont.) Valley - an area with higher land around it
Canyon - a valley with steep walls
Deltas - area at river’s ends
Dunes - hilly areas in dry places or along sandy coasts
Island - body of land surrounded by water

4. Earth’s Water
Hydrosphere - all of Earth’s water at or near the surface
Ocean - large body of saltwater
Sea - smaller body of saltwater on ocean’s margins and partially enclosed by land