1. Relationships in the Ecosystem

2. There are many complex relationships in an ecosystem
There are many complex relationships in an ecosystem. Changes in one lead to changes in the population of another.

3. Predator Prey Relationships
Predator - Animals that actively hunt other animals.
Prey - The hunted organisms upon which a predator feeds.

4. II. Types of Interaction
No Interaction - (Except in the broadest sense)
Examples:
Orchids in the rainforest
Bluegills and cattails in the pond
B. Predation (predator-prey relationships)
There are 3 main types!

5. II. Types of Interaction - Predation
Generalist - Eats a wide variety of foods
Examples:
Humans
Bears
Racoons
Seagull
Crow
Fox

6. II. Types of Interaction - Predation
2. Restricted - Picky - Food only found in one area.
Examples:
Fish (some types)
Bald Eagles (Eat large fish)
Osprey and peregrine falcon

7. II. Types of Interaction - Predation
3. Specialist - Animals that eat only one type of food
Examples:
Koala
Panda
Everglades Kite
Kirtland's Warbler (lives in tree Jack Pine)
Most prone to extinction due to habitat destruction

8. III. Defense Chemical Skunk - Odor Weasels - Musk Gland
Snakes, Octopus, squid
Poison
Cobra, Frogs, Stingray, Salamanders, Jellyfish, Komodo Dragon

9. III. Defense C. Electricity Electric Eel D. Body Shape
Puffer fish, frilled lizard, toads & frogs

10. III. Defense E. Spines Porcupine, Fish, lizards F. Scales
Some fish, snakes, armadillo

11. III. Defense
G. Shells
Turtle, clams, crayfish, oysters, shrimp, snails, mollusks
H. Camouflage
Chameleon, snakes, zebra, butterfly, tree frogs

12. III. Defense Adaptations
Speed, ability to climb, trees, jumping, losing tail, teeth, beaks, maneuverability

13. IV. Intraspecific Competition
Intraspecific competition - between the same species.
Different sized organisms eat different sized prey.
Example:
Largemouth bass: same size fish

14. IV. Intraspecific Competition
B. Different sexes feed differently
Example:
Mosquitoes: Females feed on blood from mammals for proteins for babies, males are herbivores

15. IV. Intraspecific Competition
C. Different ages feed differently
Example:
Humans
Tadpoles eat algae and frogs eat insects

16. V. Symbiosis Commensalism - one benefits, the other is unaffected
Examples:
Remora fish + Sharks
Fish get a free ride and scraps from sharks meals
Epiphytes + Tree
Air plant gets sunlight and water
Humans + flies, racoons, seagulls, rats

17. V. Symbiosis B. Mutualism - both benefit Examples: Tick bird + Rhino
Rhino gets clean and tick bird gets food
Termite + Protozoa
Protozoa live in the intestines of the termite and allows it to digest wood for food
Flowering plants + Bees
Bees get food and flowers get pollinated
Sloth + Algae
Algae get a warm place to live and the sloth gets camouflage for the trees

18. V. Symbiosis C. Parasitism - One benefits and the other is harmed.
Examples:
Ectoparasites - On the outside of body/hosts. The key is to get nutrients without...
Killing the hosts - fleas, tick, ringworm, leach
Endoparasites - Live inside body of host. Most animals in the wild have some type of internal parasite. They are more common in humans in 3rd world countries.
Heartworm, tapeworm, hookworm, bacteria