1. Author’s Purpose and Perspective

2. What are our learning goals?
To understand and identify the different purposes of texts.
To understand how the author’s perspective affects the text.
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3. What is the purpose?
Did you know that everything you read has a purpose?
When an author writes something (book, magazine, textbook, newspaper article), he/she chooses his/her words for a purpose.

4. Flocabulary Song Lesson with modeled instruction
Lesson with modeled instruction
(fill in Author’s Purpose Pie chart)

5. What is the purpose?
The author’s purpose is the main reason that he/she has for writing the selection.
The author’s purpose will be to:
Entertain
Inform
Persuade
Image: fcit.usf.edu/fcat/strategies/i/24055.gif

6. I know the purpose!
When you are able to recognize the author’s purpose, you will have a better understanding of the selection.
Also, the purpose will determine how you read a selection.
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7. Can a selection have two purposes?
Some selections will have two purposes.
For example, if the article is about eating healthy, it will try to persuade you to eat your vegetables as well as, inform you about the different types of food groups.
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8. Author’s Purpose: Inform
If the author’s purpose is to inform, you will learn something from the selection.
Information pieces sometime use one or more of the following:
Facts
Details/Instructions
Places
Events
People
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9. Author’s Purpose: Persuade
If the author’s purpose is to persuade, the author will want you to believe his/her position.
Persuasive pieces are usually non-fiction.
Although there are facts, it contains the author’s opinions.
With persuasive pieces, it is clear on the author’s point of view (if he/she is FOR or AGAINST it).
Image: celebrity read poster

10. Author’s Purpose: Entertain
If the author’s purpose is to entertain, one goal may be to tell a story or to describe characters, places or events (real or imaginary).
Examples of entertaining texts include: plays, poems, stories, jokes, or even comic strips..
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11. Determine the author’s purpose
Use the information on the bottle to determine the author’s purpose.
A. To Inform
B. To Entertain
C. To Persuade
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12. Can you identify the author’s purpose?
The correct answer is A, to inform.
The label contained information and instructions on how to use the medicine.
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13. Can you identify the author’s purpose?
Inform
Entertain
Persuade
His face appeared in the window. She knew he had been the cause of her waking at 3 a.m. Was she seeing things? Was his face real? She tried to lie still and decide what to do. Just then, the window shattered. She flew across the room to the hallway and straight into her mother’s room.
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14. Can you identify the author’s purpose?
The correct answer is to entertain.
The author tried to capture a suspenseful mood in the story.
The story is probably fiction.

15. Can you identify the author’s purpose?
It is recommended that parents read to their children everyday, starting as early as six months of age. When you read with your children, you are starting them off in life as a lifelong reader and learner. It is never too late to pick up a book and read; people in their eighties have learned how to read and discovered the pleasure of reading. Turn off the television and read a book!

16. Can you identify the author’s purpose?
The correct answer is C, to persuade.
This is an emotional appeal to do the right thing: READ!
Also, the last sentence tells you encourages you to do something: “Turn off the television”
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17. What are the steps to determining the author’s purpose and perspective?
Read the selection carefully.
Determine if the selection is fiction or nonfiction.
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Possible Activity: This strategy teaches students how to identify the author's purpose or point of view.
1. The teacher introduces the four main purposes an author may use. Give plenty of examples of each type, and practice identifying which ones belong under which heading.
2. The teacher places students into cooperative groups of four. Give each group a copy of the daily newspaper. Have students search through and cut out articles, advertisements, etc., and identify the author's purpose. Follow-up with a class discussion where articles are shared and the justification of an author's purpose is explained.
Reference
Adapted from Florida Department of Education materials.

18. Let’s try a little practice
Read each passage and identify what the author’s purpose in the text is, either Persuade, Inform or Entertain
Also think about what reason there is that you think that the passage’s purpose is. Make an educated guess, but don’t just guess. I expect an answer from you!

19. It was a glorious morning in Alabama
It was a glorious morning in Alabama. The sun was shining through the trees. Alan couldn't wait to find his fishing pole and call his friend Sam to go fishing. They had a great time on these early morning fishing trips. They took their dogs with them and the dogs would swim in the lake while they fished. It was so funny to watch those dogs paddle around the lake.
to Inform
to Persuade
to Entertain

20. The Slim-O-Matic will cause you to loose pounds and inches from your body in one month. This amazing machine helps you to exercise correctly and provides an easy video to show you the proper way to exercise. Send $75.99 and begin exercising today.
to Inform
to Persuade
to Entertain

21. The Underground Railroad was a secret organization which helped slaves escape to freedom. Many slaves were able to escape because of the conductors and station masters. The northern states were free states and slaves were free once they arrived in the north. Secret codes and signals were used to identify the conductors and station masters.
to Inform
to Persuade
to Entertain

22. to Inform to Persuade to Entertain
Judy Glen's amazing Wrinkle Remover cream will make you look younger in thirty days or less. This remarkable cream has special ingredients to make your wrinkles disappear. The cost for a thirty day supply is $ Send your check to P.O.Box 00002, Shelton, CA 74836
to Inform
to Persuade
to Entertain

23. to Inform to Persuade to Entertain
Thomas was not happy one little bit. His sister, Susan was making honor roll again. His parents would allow her to do anything she wanted to do. Thomas was not making honor roll this time and he was not going to be allowed to do all the things he wanted to do. Poor Thomas! He would just have to study harder and get back on the honor roll.
to Inform
to Entertain
to Persuade

24. to Inform to Persuade to Entertain
Laura Elizabeth Ingalls Wilder was born on February 7, 1867 in Pepin, Wisconsin to Charles and Caroline Ingalls. She met and married Almanzo James Wilder in She published many books based on her travels to the west. Her writing became the basis for the " Little House" series She died in 1957.
to Inform
to Persuade
to Entertain

25. HAMSTERS FOR SALE: Braxton Pet Store, Northwood Mall: We have a large selection of hamsters for sale this week. They are interesting pets and you will enjoy having one. They are only $ this week. Come and buy yours today!
to Inform
to Persuade
to Entertain

26. to Inform to Persuade to Entertain
Calligraphy is a form of handwriting . A special pen must be used. Letters are formed using up and down strokes. Old documents are usually written in this form. Diplomas , certificates and other awards are written in calligraphy. It is an interesting form of handwriting.
to Inform
to Persuade
to Entertain

27. to Inform to Persuade to Entertain
Katina and her brother, Jess were playing with the water hose outside one day. Jess was hiding from Katina so she wouldn't squirt him with the water. The back door opened and Katina pointed the water hose toward the door. It was Mom and she was dripping wet!
to Inform
to Persuade
to Entertain

28. to Inform to Persuade to Entertain
Rosie had the best time making her valentine cards for her classmates. She used red and white paper, heart stickers, markers and anything else she could find. It was great. Her friends are planning a valentine party on Feb. 14th at school. The one she made for her best friend is funny. Funny valentines are nice to get.
to Inform
to Persuade
to Entertain

29. to Inform to Persuade to Entertain
The easy Chopper 3 will chop your vegetables for you in about 30 seconds. It is easy to use and you can use any vegetable. The cost is $ Order yours today!
to Inform
to Persuade
to Entertain

30. to Inform to Persuade to Entertain
Abraham Lincoln's birthday is on Feb. 12th. He was a great President of the United States. He was our 16th President. He is remembered for freeing the slaves.
to Inform
to Persuade
to Entertain

31. Joe had been fishing for over two hours without a single bite
Joe had been fishing for over two hours without a single bite. Suddenly there was a nibble at the end of his fishing line.  He stood up on the boat and leaned out too far.  Just then there was a sharp yank on the line.  Joe fell overboard and landed head first into the water. Joe and his friends laughed and laughed.
to Inform
to Persuade
to Entertain

32. The  giant panda is a bearlike animal that has thick white fur with black markings on its ears, limbs, shoulders, and around its eyes. The giant panda feeds on bamboo forests at high altitudes in western China. It also eats bulbs, roots, eggs, and some small mammals. The cubs are born in late winter. The giant panda is an endangered species and is protected by the Chinese government.
to Inform
to Persuade
to Entertain

33. to Inform to Persuade It's New!
It's Refreshing!  It's Slurpy Soda! This is the best soda in the world!  If you drink this soda you will jump higher, run faster and be smarter in school. Try one today!
to Inform
to Persuade
to Entertain

34. What are our learning goals?
To understand and identify the different purposes of texts.
To understand how the author’s perspective affects the text.
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35. Videos on Purpose Snap Language Video Game Show Purpose

36. Video Lesson Author’s Perspective and Point of View
Snap Language Videos
POV/Perspective
Tone
Mr. Sato (POV)

37. What is the author’s perspective?
When an author writes to entertain, persuade, or inform, he/she will have his/her perspective on the subject.
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38. Author’s Perspective
Perspective (bias) is an author’s opinion about the subject.
An author’s argument is the opinion or belief that he or she wants to persuade readers to believe.

39. How does the author’s purpose & author’s perspective go together?
Author’s purpose and perspective go together.
The author will want you to see the topic from his/her perspective or through his/her eyes.
For some issues, you will be able to tell if the author is FOR or AGAINST something.
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40. Determine the Author’s Perspective
The author’s perspective (argument) is his or her point of view on an issue.
Ask yourself, “What is the author’s position on the issue?”

41. Identify the Issue
Issue means the controversial topic the author is discussing.
Controversial issues are ones on which people disagree. Examples of controversial issues include the death penalty, gun control, foreign policy, and abortion.
Ask yourself, “Is the author writing about a controversial issue?”

42. Keep Calm and Argue On
Don’t become overwhelmed because there are several steps in evaluating an author’s perspective/argument.
Watch out for your own biases when you evaluate an author’s argument.
Authors do not have to prove conclusively that their argument is correct. After all, not everything can be proved. They must, however, present an argument that is well-reasoned and well-supported.

43. Steps to Help Evaluate an Author’s Perspective/Argument
Identify the Author’s Assumptions
Identify the Types of Support
Determine the Relevance of the Support
Determine the Author’s Objectivity
Determine the Argument’s Completeness
Determine if the Argument Is Valid
Decide if the Argument Is Credible

44. Step 1: Identify the Author’s Assumptions
An author’s assumptions consist of things the author takes for granted without presenting any proof (in other words, what the author believes or accepts as true and bases the argument on).
Ask yourself, “What does the author take for granted?”
If the author’s assumptions are illogical or incorrect, the entire argument will be flawed. Readers may be misled unless they identify the author’s assumptions.

45. Step 2: Identify the Types of Support
Types of support refers to the kind of evidence the author uses to back up the argument.
Ask yourself, “What kind of support does the author present to back the argument?”
Support can include research findings, case studies, personal experience or observation, examples, facts, comparisons, expert testimony and opinions.

46. Step 3: Determine the Relevance of the Support
Relevance means the support is directly related to the argument.
Ask yourself, “Is the support directly related to the argument?”
Unless the author is an expert, his or her opinion or personal experience may not be particularly relevant.

47. Step 4: Determine the Author’s Objectivity
The author’s argument has objectivity when the support consists of facts and other clear evidence.
Ask yourself, “Does the author present facts and clear evidence as support?”

48. Step 5: Determine the Argument’s Completeness
An argument is complete if the author presents adequate support and overcomes opposing points.
Sometimes authors do not give enough support.
Sometimes they leave out information that would weaken their argument. Their argument would be stronger if they presented it and countered it.

49. Step 6: Determine if the Argument Is Valid
An argument is valid (has validity) if it is logical.
Ask yourself, “Is the argument logical (well-reasoned)?”

50. Step 7: Decide if the Argument Is Credible
An argument has credibility if it is believable (convincing).
Ask yourself, “Is the author’s argument believable?”
Validity and credibility are closely related since an argument that is not valid will not be credible.

51. EXIT SLIP
Answer the following questions on a half sheet of scrap paper.
What are the 3 terms used to categorize the author’s purpose?
What is another term(s) used for perspective?
List at least 3 steps when determining the author’s perspective.