1. Humoral immune response
B cells
Humoral immune response

3. Antigen receptors on lymphocytes
B cell
T cell
Antigens: proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, small molecules
Conformational and linear epitops
Complex of peptide-MHC molecule on an APC
Linear epitops

4. B cell maturation

5. B cell maturation

6. pro B

7. pre B
receptor
pro B

8. (Bruton’s tyrosine kinase)
Active Btk enables:
survival, proliferation and further maturation etc.
Mutation of BTK gene:
X-linked agammaglobulinemia
(Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia)
Btk
(Bruton’s tyrosine kinase)

9. immature B
IgM
pre B
receptor
pro B

11. IgM
IgD
IgM
pre B
receptor
mature B
immature B
pro B

12. 12

13. IgD
IgM
MHC II
CD40
B-7

14. Humoral immune response
Thymus-dependent
(T-dependent, TD)
Thymus-independent
(T-independent, TI)

16. Subsets of B cells

17. Phases of humoral immune response

18. (two-signal requirement)
Activation of
B cells
(two-signal requirement)

19. (intracellular signaling)
Activation of B cells
(intracellular signaling)

20. Functional consequences of B cell activation

21. Functional consequences of B cell activation

22. Functions of antibody isotypes

23. Primary and secondary antibody response