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Interpret Change in Financial Position Over a Period of Time

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1 Interpret Change in Financial Position Over a Period of Time
Principles of Cost Analysis and Management Show Slide #1: Interpret Change in Financial Position Over a Period of Time Title: Interpret Change in Financial Position Over a Period of Time References: FM 1-06 Financial Management Operations, Lesson Created Handout, Notes and Template. Section I. Administrative Data Academic Hours/Methods 01 hrs. / 20 min. DSL (large or small group discussion) 00 hrs. / 30 min. PE (practical exercise (Hands On) 00 hrs. / 00 min. Test 00 hrs. / 00 min. Test Review 00 hrs. / 00 min. Total Hours Section II. Introduction: Method of Instruction: DSL (large or small group discussion) Instructor to Learner Ratio: 1:25 Time of Instruction: 00 hrs. / 05 min. Media: PowerPoint Presentation Motivator (5 minutes): The purpose of the Statement of Financial Position is to reflect the assets, liabilities and net assets (financial position) as of a single date. This is a limited view. From the beginning of the period to the end of the period there can be significant change. The Balance Sheet doesn’t tell us how we got from point A to point B. Facilitator’s Material: Each primary Facilitator should possess a lesson plan, slide deck, course handouts, practical exercise with answer key, excel template, and summary sheet containing FM 1-06. Learner’s Material: Learners should possess course handouts, practical exercises, summary sheet containing FM 1-06, standard classroom supplies, excel template and access to Bb. Note: "All required references and technical manuals will be provided by the School House“ Safety Requirements: In a training environment, leaders must perform a risk assessment in accordance with DA PAM , Risk Management. Leaders will complete a DD Form 2977 RISK MANAGEMENT WORKSHEET during the planning and completion of each task and sub-task by assessing mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available-time available and civil considerations, (METT-TC). Local policies and procedures must be followed during times of increased heat category in order to avoid heat related injury. Consider the work/rest cycles and water replacement guidelines IAW TRADOC Regulation

2 Terminal Learning Objective
Action: Interpret Change in Financial Position over a period of time. Condition: FM Leaders in a classroom environment working individually and as a member of a small group, using doctrinal and administrative publications, self-study exercises, personal experiences, practical exercises, handouts, and discussion. Standard: With at least an 80% accuracy (70% for international Learners): Identify Changes in Financial Position Analyze Financial Activity; Detailed Breakdown Show Slide #2: Terminal Learning Objective Facilitator’s Note: Read TLO Action: Interpret Change in Financial Position Over a Period of Time. Condition: FM Leaders in a classroom environment working individually and as a member of a small group, using doctrinal and administrative publications, self-study exercises, personal experiences, practical exercises, handouts, and discussion. Standard: With at least an 80% accuracy (70% for international Learners): - Identify Changes in Financial Position - Analyze Financial Activity; Detailed Breakdown - Review the GFEBS Budget Reporter (Role) Safety Requirements: In a training environment, leaders must perform a risk assessment in accordance with DA PAM , Risk Management. Leaders will complete a DD Form 2977 DELIBERATE RISK ASSESSMENT WORKSHEET during the planning and completion of each task and sub-task by assessing mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available-time available and civil considerations (METT-TC). Local policies and procedures must be followed during times of increased heat category in order to avoid heat related injury. Consider the work/rest cycles and water replacement guidelines IAW TRADOC Regulation Risk Assessment Level: Low. Environmental Considerations: Environmental protection is not just the law but the right thing to do. It is a continual process and starts with deliberate planning. Always be alert to ways to protect our environment during training and missions. In doing so, you will contribute to the sustainment of our training resources while protecting people and the environment from harmful effects. Refer to FM Environmental Considerations and GTA ENVIRONMENTAL-RELATED RISK ASSESSMENT. Evaluation: Learners will take the Principles of Cost Analysis and Management 1 Exam at the end of Week One. Learners must score 80% or higher and International officers must score 70% or higher. Instructional Lead-in. (Publish and Process): Interpret Change is a lesson designed to identify, analyze and Interpret the purpose / usage of various reports used in the performance of duties as a Resource Manager. At the conclusion of this lesson, Learners should be able to analyze primarily Cumulative Fund Status Reports and Non-Cumulative Fund Status Reports. This lesson should also assist Financial Managers with understanding the relationship between GFEBS, the reports the system produces, and how to use the data within the reports. Facilitator's Note: Ask the following question to force the Learners to reflect. Q1: Why would it be important to understand Change in Financial Position over time?

3 What if Gomer inherits $1,000,000?
Changes in Financial Position What if Gomer inherits $1,000,000? Show Slide #3: Changes in Financial Position Learning Step/Activity #1: Identify Changes in Financial Position Method of Instruction: DSL (large or small group discussion) Facilitator's to Learner Ratio: 2:25 Time of Instruction: 00 hrs. / 25 min. Media: Power Point, Printed Reference Material 21st Century Soldier Competencies: The 21st Century Soldier Competencies are essential to ensure Soldiers and leaders are fully prepared to prevail in complex, uncertain environments. Throughout the lesson discussions, seek opportunities to link the competencies with the lesson content through the Learner’s experiences. Facilitator's Note: Before facilitating this lesson, ask the Learners which of the 21st Century Soldier Competency do they think pertain to this lesson? Facilitate a discussion on the answers given and at the end of the lesson revisit it and see if the Learners still believe their choice are the same. Note: For this lesson these competencies should be talked about. #6. Communication and engagement (oral, written, and negotiation) #7. Critical thinking and problem solving #8. Cultural and joint, interagency, intergovernmental, and multinational competence #9. Tactical and technical competence (full spectrum capable) Facilitator's Note: Ask the following questions; have learners discuss among themselves before requesting volunteered answers. Q1: How would this picture change if Gomer’s rich uncle passed away and left him $1,000,000? Q2: While liabilities would remain the same, assets would increase. The composition of the pie chart would change. How would we capture that?

4 Changes in Financial Position (Cont.)
The Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet) reflects the Assets, Liabilities and Net Assets as of a SINGLE DATE. (Like a snapshot) Beginning Financial Position Ending Statement of Activities Show Slide #4: Changes in Financial Position (Cont.) Facilitator's Note: The purpose of the Statement of Financial Position is to reflect the assets, liabilities and net assets (financial position) as of a single date. This is a limited view. From the beginning of the period to the end of the period there can be significant change. The Balance Sheet doesn’t tell us how we got from point A to point B. Note: Animation on next slide immediately upon clicking the enter button.

5 Changes in Financial Position (Cont.)
The Statement of Activities, or Income Statement, reflects activity for a period of time. (Like a video) Beginning Financial Position Ending Statement of Activities Show Slide #5: Changes in Financial Position (Cont.) Facilitator's Note: The Statement of Activities reflects activity for a period of time, like a video, and interprets the changes in the statement of financial position.

6 Changes in Financial Position (Cont.)
Under the Cash Basis of Accounting: Revenues: Represent earnings received in cash Increase Assets and Increase Financial Position sent earnings rec in cash Costs: Represent cash payments for goods and services received Decrease Assets and Decrease Financial Position payments for goods and services ncial Position Revenues – Costs = Net Change in Financial Position Show Slide #6: Changes in Financial Position (Cont.) Facilitator's Note: Classify Revenues and Costs (Cash Basis). Learners will have the blank version of the slide. 1st Mouse Click View: Under the Cash Basis of Accounting: Revenues: Costs: Facilitator's Note: Under the Cash Basis Revenues are reported in the period in which cash is received represent earnings RECEIVED in cash. Revenues Increase Assets (Cash) and increase Financial Position. 2nd Mouse Click View: Represent earnings received in cash Increase Assets and Increase Financial Position Facilitator's Note: Under the Cash Basis, Costs are reported in the period in which cash is paid. They Represent cash payments for goods and services received. Costs Decrease assets (cash) and decrease financial position. 3rd Mouse Click View: Represent cash payments for goods and services received Decrease Assets and Decrease Financial Position Facilitator's Note: Ensure the Learners write this formula down. They will need this for testing purposes. Revenues – Costs = Net Change in Financial Position 4th Mouse Click View: Revenues – Costs = Net Change in Financial Position

7 The Simmons: Statement of Financial Position 1/1/XX
Assets: House $230,000 Car 6,000 Furniture 3,000 Clothing 750 Cash 327 Total $240,077 Liabilities: Mortgage $225,000 Credit Card 2,300 Property Tax 2,500 Hospital 950 Total Liabilities $230,750 Net Assets: 9,327 Total $240,077 Show Slide #7: Simmons Statement of Financial Position. (Example) Facilitator's Note: This is the Statement of financial position for the Simmons family at the beginning of the month. Note that Total assets = Total Liabilities + Net Assets This is the beginning state of the Simmons family. We will look at activity for one month and see the results of that activity in the financial position at the end of the month. NOTE: ‘XX’ represents current FY

8 LSA #1 Check on Learning Q1: What is the equation for the change in financial position? A1. Revenues – Costs = Net Change Q2: What is the name of the statement that describes changes in financial position? A2. Statement of Activities Show Slide #8: LSA#1 Check on Learning Facilitator's Note: Ask check on learning question, facilitate discussion on answers given. Q1. What is the equation for the change in financial position? A1. Revenues – Costs = Net Change Q2. What is the name of the statement that describes changes in financial position? A2. Statement of Activities

9 LSA #1 Summary During this block, we discussed Financial Position, the various terms associated with Financial Position, along with changes. We also viewed a detailed breakdown of the Simmons family financial activities. Show Slide #9: LSA#1 Summary Facilitator's Note: During this block, we discussed Financial Position, the various terms associated with Financial Position, along with changes. We also viewed a detailed breakdown of the Simmons family financial activities.

10 The Simmons: Financial Activity for January
Date Activity Cash Amount 2-Jan Madge puts gasoline in the car Jan Gomer buys doughnuts 35 7-Jan Gomer’s paycheck Jan Madge buys groceries Jan Lacy has a dentist appointment Jan Bert breaks a window Jan Madge babysits the neighbor kids Jan Gomer’s paycheck Jan Madge pays interest on mortgage 938 Show Slide #10: Financial Activity; Detailed Breakdown 2. Learning Step/Activity #2: Analyze Financial Activity; Detailed Breakdown Method of Instruction: DSL (large or small group discussion) Facilitator's to Learner Ratio: 2:25 Time of Instruction: 00 hrs. / 15 min. Media: Power Point Presentation, Printed Reference Materials Facilitator's Note: Go over the Data in the problem and identify the task at the bottom of the page. Classify each item as a Revenue or Expenditure Task will be to calculate the net change in a financial position for the month of January. You’ll have the dates, activities and cash amounts listed. 1st Mouse Click View: Facilitator's Notes: The continuous on and off Green highlighted items are Revenues: Gomer’s paycheck 925, Madge babysits the neighbor kids (Revenue) 25, Gomer’s paycheck 925 Date Activity Cash Amount 7-Jan Gomer’s paycheck 925 15-Jan Madge babysits the neighbor kids 25 21-Jan Gomer’s paycheck 925 2nd Mouse Click View: Facilitator's Note: The continuous Red highlighted items are Costs: Date Activity Cash Amount 2-Jan Madge puts gasoline in the car 120 4-Jan Gomer buys doughnuts 35 8-Jan Madge buys groceries 600 12-Jan Lacy has a dentist appointment 100 14-Jan Bert breaks a window 50 22-Jan Madge pays interest on mortgage 938 Note: The $75 tax in Gomer’s paycheck is an expenditure Task: Calculate the Net Change in Financial Position for January.

11 Changes in Financial Position (Cont.)
Q1. What are the Revenues? A1. Gomer’s gross pay and Madge’s babysitting Q2. What are the Costs? A2. Tax withholding , gasoline, doughnuts, groceries, dentist, window, and mortgage interest Q.3 What is the Net Change in Financial Position? A3. Revenues $1,875 – Costs $1,843 = 32 Increase Q4. What is the Ending Financial Position? A4. ?????Discuss????? Show Slide #11: Financial Activity; Detailed Breakdown (Cont.) (Cost Vs Revenue) Facilitator's Note: This is a demonstration problem. Learners will have the blank version of the slide. Questions to consider; Q1. What are the Revenues? A1. Gomer’s gross pay and Madge’s babysitting Revenues: Gomer’s gross pay Gomer’s paycheck Revenue of 925 Madge babysits the neighbor kids (Revenue) 25 Total Revenue = 1875 Q2. What are the Costs? A2. Tax withholding , gasoline, doughnuts, groceries, dentist, window, and mortgage interest Costs: Essentially cash paid represents an expenditure. So, Tax withholding , gasoline, doughnuts, groceries, dentist, window, and mortgage interest all constitute Costs. Madge puts gasoline in the car 120 Gomer buys doughnuts 35 Madge buys groceries 600 Lacy has a dentist appointment 100 Bert breaks a window 50 Madge pays interest on mortgage 938 Total Costs 1843 Q3 What is the Net Change in Financial Position? A3. Revenues $1,875 – Costs $1,843 = 32 Increase Net Change: Net Change in financial position is Revenues – expenses. In this case we have an excess of revenues over Costs, so there is an increase in financial position. Q4. What is the Ending Financial Position? A4. ?????Discuss????? Facilitator's Note: Demonstration problem. Ensure the Learners annotate the formula (Cost Vs Revenue). Ending Financial Position = Beginning $9,327 + Increase $32 = Ending $9,359

12 LSA #2 Check on Learning Q1. Revenues are counted when they are?
Q2. Costs are counted when they are? A2. ____ __ ____ This is known as the Cash basis of accounting. We will look at other ways of counting revenues and costs in future lessons. Received in Cash Paid in Cash Show Slide #12: LSA#2 Check on Learning Facilitator's Note: Ask check on learning question, facilitate discussion on answer given. Q1. Revenues are counted when they are? A1. Received in Cash Q2. Costs are counted when they are? A1. Paid in Cash This is known as the Cash basis of accounting. We will look at other ways of counting revenues and costs in future lessons.

13 LSA #2 Summary During this learning Activity, we delved a bit deeper into Activity sheets, discerning the difference between revenues and costs. Also covered is the “Net change in Financial Position” formula. Show Slide #13: LSA#2 Summary Facilitator's Note: During this learning Activity, we delved a bit deeper into Activity sheets, discerning the difference between revenues and costs. Also covered is the “Net change in Financial Position” formula.

14 The Simmons: Statement of Activities for month of January 20XX
Revenues: Gomer’s Salary (Gross) $1,850 Madge’s babysitting 25 Total Revenues $1,875 Costs: Interest $938 Groceries 600 Gasoline 120 Dentist 100 Broken Window 50 Doughnuts 35 Total Costs 1,843 Net Change in Financial Position 32 Add: Financial Position January 1, 20XX 9,327 Financial Position January 31, 20XX $9,359 Show Slide #14: Statement of Activities (graphed) 3. Learning Step/Activity #3: Review the GFEBS Budget Reporter (Role) Method of Instruction: DSL (large or small group discussion) Facilitator's to Learner Ratio: 2:25 Time of Instruction: 00 hrs. / 20 min. Media: Power Point Presentation, Printed Reference Materials Facilitator's Note: Demonstration problem – Interpret changes in Financial Position. This is the Statement of Activities. It lists revenues and Costs, and interprets the change in the financial position for the month of January. Learners will use the spreadsheet to prepare a statement of activities in the Practical Exercises.

15 Graphic Representation of Net Change
$1875 $32 $1843 Show Slide #15: Graphic Representation of Net Change Note: Statement of Activities (graphed) continued. Facilitator's Note: Interprets the $32.00 difference between Revenues and Expenditures. Note: Highlighted Blue: Revenues Note: Highlighted Red: Expenditures $1875 $1843 $32

16 Graphic Representation of Net Change (Cont.)
$9359 $32 Show Slide #16: Graphic Representation of Net Change (Cont.) Note: Statement of Activities (graphed) continued. Facilitator's Note: Demonstration problem – Interpret changes in Financial Position Since Revenues exceeded Costs by $32, the financial position increases by $32. Note: Highlighted Purple: Ending Note: Highlighted Green: Beginning $9359 $9327 $32 $9327

17 The Simmons: Statement of Financial Position 1/31/XX
Assets: House $230,000 Car 6,000 Furniture 3,000 Clothing 750 Cash (327+32) 359 Total $240,109 Liabilities: Mortgage $225,000 Credit Card 2,300 Property Tax 2,500 Hospital 950 Total Liabilities $230,750 Net Assets: 9,359 Total $240,109 Show Slide #17: Statement of Financial Position Note: Statement of Activities (Breakdown) continued. Facilitator's Note: Demonstration problem – Interpret changes in Financial Position Here is the Statement of Financial position for the end of the month. Assets = Liabilities + Net Assets Assets (Cash) increased by $32 There was no change in Liabilities Net Assets or Financial Position increased by $32

18 LSA #3 Check on Learning Q1. What activities will cause financial position to increase? A1. Revenues Q2. What activities will cause financial position to decrease? A2. Cost Show Slide #18: LSA#3 Check on Learning Facilitator's Note: Ask check on learning question, facilitate discussion on answer given. Q1. What activities will cause financial position to increase? A1. Revenues Q2. What activities will cause financial position to decrease? A2. Costs

19 LSA #3 Summary During this block of instruction, we discussed another Simmons “Statement of Activities” scenario and provided a graphic representation. Show Slide #19: LSA#3 Summary Facilitator's Note: During this block of instruction, we discussed another Simmons “Statement of Activities” scenario and provided a graphic representation.

20 Practical Exercise / Review
Show Slide #20: Practical Exercise / Review Practical Exercise / Review: 1.4 Practical Exercise Interpret Change in Financial Position Method of Instruction: Practical Exercise Facilitator to Learner Ratio: 2:25 Time of Instruction: 00 hrs. / 30 min. Media: Handouts Special Instructions: Ensure Learners have access to PE for Interpret Change in Financial Position and all related material to complete the exercises. Objectives: With at least 80% accuracy (70% for international Learners): Learners will classify revenues and expenses (cash basis), calculate net income (cash basis) for a period of time, and enter relevant report data to solve financial position equation (using macros provided in an Excel template). Facilitator’s Material: Each primary facilitator should possess a lesson plan, slide deck, course handouts, practical exercise with answer key, summary worksheet containing FM 1-06 (Financial Management Operations), Excel spread worksheet and lesson created notes. Learner’s Material: Learners should possess course handouts, practical exercise titled PE Interpret Change in Financial Position, summary worksheet containing FM 1-06 (Financial Management Operations), Excel spread worksheet, and standard classroom supplies.  Materials Needed: HO Interpret Change in Financial Position Over a Period of Time Practical Exercise titled: PE Interpret Change in Financial Position *Pen Or Pencil *Blank Paper Note: (* Learner responsibility) Procedures/Instructions: All situations have one correct answer. You will complete this PE immediately following the class on Change in Financial Position Over a Period of Time. You will have 15 minutes for completion of this practical exercise, and 15 minutes for a review. Be prepared to go over the entries and individual solutions for each scenario. General Information: This practical exercise simulates the actions of a statement of financial position for a Base Recreational Division Bowling Alley at the end of a specific time period. You will have time to complete this practical exercise, followed by a review at the completion of the PE. Instructional Lead-in: Given this particular situation, you will need to calculate the answers to the situation regarding revenues and expenses (cash basis) for a period of time, solve financial position equation. Feedback: AAR will be conducted after the PE, along with a Learner end of course critique will be conducted at the end of the course. Facilitator’s Note: If you experience difficulties, ask the Facilitator’s or assistant Facilitator’s for immediate assistance or help. Requirements: Determine and classify revenues and expenses (cash basis).  Calculate net income (cash basis) for a period of time.  Enter relevant report data to solve financial position equation using macros provided in an Excel template. Practical Exercise AJAPC102.1 Bowling Alley Practical Exercise AJAPC102.2 Spread worksheet Practice Practical Exercise AJAPC102.3 Yourself/Family Evaluation: To obtain a "Go" in this PE, you must: Properly determine and complete all applicable excel templates. Calculate and compute the answers to the situation. Solution #1: AJAPC102.1 Solution 1) What is the Net Change in Financial Position? Answer) Revenues $7,624.75– Costs $6, = $1,522 Increase 2) What is the Ending Financial Position? Answer) Beginning $107,211 + Increase $1,522 = Ending $108,733 3) What does the balance worksheet look like now? Classify Revenues and Costs Costs: Aug 10 Snack Bar Supplies - 1,027.50 Aug 15 Payroll Expense - 1,500 Aug 15 Health Premium - 725 Aug 22 Snack Bar Supplies - 1,350 Aug 31 Payroll Expense - 1,500 Revenue: Week 1 Sales - 1,389.45 Week 2 Sales - 1,859.50 Week 3 Sales - 1,950.05 Week 4 Sales - 2,425.75 Total $ ,624.75 RD Bowling Alley Balance Worksheet 08/31/2012 Assets Liabilities Cash- $6, Staff- $2,225 Building-135,100 Mortgage- 72,400 Equipment-24,000 Property Tax- 480 Fixtures-12,000 Liability & Fire Insurance- 1,119 Rental Stock-7,000 Total Liabilities-76,224.00 Total Assets-$184,745 Net Assets-$108,733.00 Total $184,957.00 What changed during the period? Answer) The asset cash increased by $1,522.00, so total assets went up. Net assets increased by the same amount. As always, Total Assets = Net Assets + Liabilities. Solution #2: AJAPC102.2 Solution Enter data into the Module 1.4 spread worksheet data input tab from problem to check your work. Answer) Data Input Worksheet Does your beginning Financial Position match your handwritten answer? Answer) Beginning Financial Position Worksheet Enter Account Activity data into the Module 1.4 spread worksheet and determine if your Ending Financial Position in Practical Exercise was accurate. Answer) Financial Activity for the Month Worksheet Answer) Statement of Activity Worksheet Answer) Financial Position-Ending Solution #3: AJAPC102.3 Solution What was your family’s beginning financial position (Net Worth)?  Answer) Beginning Financial Position worksheet Answer) Financial Activity for the Month worksheet  What is the net change in financial position?  Answer) Statement of Activity worksheet     What is the ending financial position?  Answer) Statement of Financial Position worksheet What changed from beginning financial position to ending financial position? Answer) The asset cash increased by $791 Facilitators Note: Complete PE and transition over to TLO Check on Learning and Summary of lesson.

21 Statement of Activities Spreadsheet
Enter Transaction Data into the register Show Slide #21: Practical Exercise (Cont.) Example / Instructions: Practical Exercise using the Statement of Activities spreadsheet Financial Activity for the Month: Enter Transaction Data into the register.

22 Statement of Activities Spreadsheet (Cont.)
After entering Data, Press button to Create Statement Of Activities Show Slide #22: Practical Exercise (Cont.) Example / Instructions: Practical Exercise using the Statement of Activities spreadsheet Financial Activity for the Month: After entering Data, Press button to Create Statement of Activities

23 Statement of Activities Spreadsheet (Cont.)
Statement of Activities shows: Total Revenues, Total Costs , Change in Financial Position, and Ending Financial Position Show Slide #23: Practical Exercise (Cont.) Example / Instructions: Practical Exercise using the Statement of Activities spreadsheet Statement of Activity shows: Total Revenues, Total Costs, Change in Financial Position, and Ending Financial Position Facilitator’s Note: Commence Practical Exercise

24 TLO Check on Learning Q1. The Statement of Financial Position can also be called this. A1. Balance Sheet Show Slide #24: TLO Check on Learning Q1. The Statement of Financial Position can also be called this. A1. Balance Sheet Facilitator’s Note: Facilitator, have each group as a group write down one question from this lesson, give about five minutes. Once all groups have their question written, pass it to another group to answer it. Facilitate a discussion on each question.

25 TLO Summary Action: Interpret Change in Financial Position over a period of time. Condition: FM Leaders in a classroom environment working individually and as a member of a small group, using doctrinal and administrative publications, self-study exercises, personal experiences, practical exercises, handouts, and discussion. Standard: With at least an 80% accuracy (70% for international Learners): Identify Changes in Financial Position Analyze Financial Activity; Detailed Breakdown Review the GFEBS Budget Reporter (Role) Show Slide #25: TLO Summary Facilitator’s Note: Restate the TLO Action: Interpret Change in Financial Position over a period of time. Condition: FM Leaders in a classroom environment working individually and as a member of a small group, using doctrinal and administrative publications, self-study exercises, personal experiences, practical exercises, handouts, and discussion. Standard: With at least an 80% accuracy (70% for international Learners): - Identify Changes in Financial Position - Analyze Financial Activity; Detailed Breakdown - Review the GFEBS Budget Reporter (Role) “Or” Facilitator at this time, have one student from each group to explain the most important take away to them from this lesson. Facilitate a discussion on each answer.


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