1. Endocrine system
Kahoot Diagnostic Assessment

2. Welcome to the Endocrine System
This is Hirsutism
Causes excess hair growth in unusual areas
e.g. beards on women.
Due to an increased production of Androgens (testosterone).
Intro to hormones:

3. Endocrine Organs and Glands:
___ - Adrenal gland
___ - Ovaries
___ - Pancreas
___ - Pineal gland
___ - Pituitary gland
___ - Testes
___ - Hypothalamus
___ - Thyroid gland
Answer part 1 of Endocrine System booklet

4. Endocrine Organs and Glands:
7- Adrenal gland
10 - Ovaries
9 - Pancreas
3 - Pineal gland
2 - Pituitary gland
12 - Testes
1- Hypothalamus
4 - Thyroid gland

5. Student Activity Drawing endocrine organs on butcher’s paper.
One student to be the outline.
Must draw the organ as accurately as possible.
Must label the organs.

6. The Endocrine System: An overview Twig – Introduction to Hormones

7. The Endocrine System: An overview
Is a collection of glands that secrete (release) a wide range of hormones.
Hormones are chemical messengers (proteins) used to carry information
They have a longer term effect then nerve impulses, but act more slowly.
The endocrine system is responsible for growth, repair, digestion, sexual reproduction and homeostasis.
Homeostasis – A term that describes how the body maintains a balance of the internal systems at their optimal level.
Answer part 2 of Endocrine System booklet

8. Integration of Nervous and Endocrine

9. Overview The endocrine system is coordinated by the pituitary gland.
The pituitary gland responds to information from the hypothalamus.
Answer part 3 of Endocrine System booklet

10. Hypothalamus In the brain, the hypothalamus is made of nerve tissues.
The hypothalamus constantly checks the internal environment (i.e. the conditions within the tissues, organs and systems)
If these conditions change, the hypothalamus responds by secreting hormones to the pituitary gland
ie: Controls body temperature, rate of metabolism and water content.
Answer part 3 of Endocrine System booklet

11. Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland responds to the hormone information from the hypothalamus by either secreting other hormones or producing fewer hormones.
These hormones are then sent via the circulatory system to the rest of the organs where they bond to target cells.
Answer part 3 of Endocrine System booklet

12. Target Cells
Hormones will only bond to cells with the matching receptor.
If the receptor does not match the hormone, then no response will occur.

13. Hormones that you need to know

14. Hormones you need to know…
Organ
Hormone
Target
Main Effect
Disease
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
Pineal Gland
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas
Testes
Ovaries

15. Hypothalamus Releases: Neurohormones Target: Pituitary gland
Main Effect: Links the nervous system to the endocrine system. Controls homeostasis.
Answer part 4 of Endocrine System booklet

16. Pituitary Gland Releases: Thyroid-stimulating hormones Target: Thyroid
Main Effect: Controls the rate of thyroxine released.
Releases: Growth hormone
Target: Bones, muscle.
Main Effect: Stimulates muscle
growth and bone size.
Beware! Use of s*** in movie
Answer part 4 of Endocrine System booklet
YouTube: Effects of HGH

17. Growth Hormone Abnormalities
Answer part 4 of Endocrine System booklet

18. Pineal gland Releases: Melatonin Target: N/A
Main Effect: Controls waking and sleeping cycle
TWIG – Melatonin and Sleep
Answer part 4 of Endocrine System booklet

19. Thyroid Gland Releases: Thyroxine Target: Body cells
Main Effect: Controls the rate of chemical reactions in cells (your metabolism)
Answer part 4 of Endocrine System booklet

20. Hypothyroidism
Answer part 4 of Endocrine System booklet

21. Hyperthyroidism
Answer part 4 of Endocrine System booklet

22. Parathyroid Gland Releases: Parathyroid hormone Target: Blood
Main Effect: Regulates the amount of calcium in the blood.
Answer part 4 of Endocrine System booklet

23. Adrenal glands Release: Adrenalin Target: Body Cells
Main Effect: This prepares your body for the “flight or fight” response and causes an immediate release of energy.
Answer part 4 of Endocrine System booklet

24. Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Also known as Broken Heart Syndrome
Caused when emotional stress (such as a break-up) causes too much adrenalin to be secreted. This weakens a portion of the heart and can cause heart failure.

25. Adrenal glands Release: Cortisol Target: Body Cells
Main Effect: Regulates your stress levels
Is there a pimple cure -
Answer part 4 of Endocrine System booklet
YouTube: Is there a Pimple Cure?

26. Addison’s Disease

27. Pancreas Releases: Insulin and Glucagon Target: Liver
Main Effect: These control blood glucose levels.
Insulin – lowers glucose level
Glucagon – raises glucose level.

28. Diabetes

29. Testes Release: Testosterone Target: Male reproductive system
Main Effect: Male sexual development and activity (sperm).
Why are teens so moody -

30. Gynecomastia

31. Ovaries Releases: Oestrogen Target: Body cells
Main Effect: Female sexual development and control during pregnancy.

32. Pre-Menstrual Syndrome (Tension)

33. BAR Purpose: A bicycle Endocrine glands
Learning to help use acronym triggers to help in memory recall.
Encourages us to think ‘outside the box’.
A bicycle
Endocrine glands

34. Student Activity: Read chapter 3.6 of your Oxford Science 9 textbook
Then complete Part 5 of your Endocrine System booklet.

35. Student Hormone Task
Students to be assigned different abnormalities of hormone production.
Students to complete a presentation explaining:
What the abnormality name means.
What organ and hormone causes the abnormality.
What the identifying marks are.
The long and short term effects.
Interesting photos.

36. Homeostasis of blood glucose
Negative feedback mechanism

37. Why maintaining blood glucose levels is important…

38. Negative Feedback
Stimulus received that indicates something in the body is happening too much.
Response is to produce a hormone to remove it.
Answer part 6 of Endocrine System booklet

39. Background You eat food which is broken down.
Carbohydrates are a nutrient in food that gets broken down into a simple sugar like glucose.
This glucose travels in your blood to provide energy for your cells in the mitochondria.
Too much glucose in the blood is not healthy.
Your body will try and control the amount of glucose.
Answer part 6 of Endocrine System booklet

40. If blood glucose is too high
The receptors in the pancreas detect that the blood sugar is too high.
Pancreas releases insulin into the blood.
Insulin travels throughout the body to the insulin receptors on the muscle and liver cells.
These cells remove the glucose from the blood.
The glucose level drops back to normal and the excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver.
Answer part 6 of Endocrine System booklet

41. If blood glucose is too low
The receptors in the pancreas detect that the blood sugar is too low.
Pancreas releases glucagon into the blood.
Glucagon travels throughout the body to the glucagon receptors on the muscle and liver cells.
These cells release the glucagon into the bloodstream.
The glucose level rises back to normal.
Answer part 6 of Endocrine System booklet

42. Why does this diabetic have to inject?

43. Student Activity: Complete Part 7 of your Endocrine System booklet.
Answer part 7 of Endocrine System booklet

44. Homeostasis of Body Temperature
Homeostasis – The process of maintaining a constant internal environment

45. How do animals regulate body temperature?

46. Heat
Comes from metabolism e.g. Growth, repair, respiration, manufacture of hormones
A rise in body temperature of only a few degrees above 37 would stop metabolism and you would die!
Answer part 8 of Endocrine System booklet

47. Hormone control
The hypothalamus receives information from temperature sensors in the skin, inside the body and from the hypothalamus itself
If the hypothalamus detects a fall in body temperature, it produces a hormone which causes the pituitary gland to produce thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Answer part 8 of Endocrine System booklet

48. …Still hormones NOTE: This takes time
3. TSH stimulates the thyroid to release more of the hormone thyroxine
4. Thyroxine travels in the blood to all cells and causes the rate of metabolism to increase-this warms up the body
NOTE:
This takes time
Answer part 8 of Endocrine System booklet

49. Nervous system control
Hypothalamus sends nerve impulses to muscle groups around vital organs (e.g. heart and lungs), which shake
Eventually this shaking extends to the muscles of the arms and legs (shivering)
Shivering makes your muscle cells create heat
Answer part 8 of Endocrine System booklet

50. Another nervous system control:
The nervous system can cause a narrowing of blood vessels on the surface of the skin
This reduces blood flow, and heat loss from the skin
If it is very cold, the blood flow is reduced so much that you lose feeling in them
Answer part 8 of Endocrine System booklet

51. To cool down:
When the hypothalamus detects a rise in body temperature, nerve messages are sent to the sweat glands and blood vessels
Blood vessels close to the skin dilate (get larger in diameter) so more blood can reach the surface (this makes your skin more red)
The sweat glands produce more sweat, which takes some heat from your body when it evaporates (faster in dry heat)
Answer part 8 of Endocrine System booklet

52. Flow Diagram
Answer part 8 of Endocrine System booklet

53. Student Activity Read chapter 3.7 of your Oxford Science 9 textbook
Then complete the Homeostasis worksheet.

54. Blood Doping

55. Student Activity
Read through chapter 3.8 of your Oxford Science 9 textbook (pages 58-59).
Answer the ‘Extend your understanding 3.8’ questions on page 59
THEN
Research a famous athlete who was caught blood doping. Your teacher will choose some of you to share your research with the class:
Who was it?
What sport did they play?
How were they caught?
Were there any consequences?
Why did they do it?

56. END