1. Ch. 6 Sec. 1 Ch. 7 Sec. 1
The New South

2. Industries and Cities Grow
“New South”- Not just agriculture, but mills and factories too
1880s- Investment in coal, iron, and steel processing
Created urban centers
Farming became diversified
Grain, tobacco, fruit, cotton

3. Railroads Link Cities and Towns
Industrialization needs transportation
Rail lines linked urban and rural areas
Only 2 lines linked south and north
South asked federal gov for economic help to build RR
Used prison labor to keep RR building costs down

4. Southern Economic Recovery is Limited
Southern economy lagged behind
South didn’t have enough labor and capital investment for industry
Education was limited
Weak banks
Low wages

5. Cotton Dominates Agriculture
Cotton production rose after the war
Prices had fallen
Farmer’s Alliance
Lowered supply prices
Linked southern and western farmers
Worked to lower freight prices

6. Black Southerners Gain and Lose
Blacks joined the Farmers Alliance
Opened up political possibilities
Schools opened
Teachers’ colleges opened

7. White Backlash Begins KKK used violence Churches became segregated
Civil Rights Act of 1875
Guaranteed blacks the right to ride trains and use public facilities
Later decided that it was the states’ right to decided who could use public accommodations

8. African Americans Lose Freedoms
Jim Crow Laws- kept whites and blacks apart
South issued poll tax- voters required to pay a tax to vote
African Americans couldn’t afford the tax
Literacy Tests- voters must pass to vote
Grandfather Clause- could vote if ancestor voted prior to 1866

9. African Americans Lose Freedoms
De jure segregation- segregation imposed by law
De facto segregation- segregation by unwritten custom of tradition
Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme court upheld the constitutionality of “separate but equal”

10. Booker T. Washington Black leader
Said blacks should build up their economic resources and establish good reputations
Taught at Tuskegee Institute
Vocational education

11. W.E.B. Du Bois
Criticized Washington’s willingness to accommodate southern whites
Felt blacks should demand full and immediate equality
Shouldn’t limit themselves to vocational education

12. Ida B. Wells Fought for the rights of African Americans
Had a newspaper, Free Speech
Condemned the mistreatment of blacks
Was exiled and spent her life speaking out against lynching