1. Plan Military governor
Establish civilian government when 10% of voters from 1860 election take oath of allegiance to union
Presidential pardons to most Confederate leaders
Lincoln believed that since South could not legally secede, it was still in the union
View of South: Restoration of rebellious members

2. Wade-Davis Bill Radical Republicans Military governor
ThaddeusStevens
Military governor
Establish civilian government when 51% of voters* from 1860 election take oath of allegiance to union
Disfranchisement of former Confederate leaders
No political office for former Confederate leaders
Abolition of slavery
Repudiation of Confederate war debt
CharlesSumner
Disfranchisement: not allowed to vote
*all adult white males!!
Repudiation means the refusal of federal gov’t to pay debts Confederate states incurred during war
13th Amendment abolished slavery
Lincoln vetoed bill
Stevens: House [wanted revenge] Sumner: Senate
Wade-Davis Bill
Radical Republicans

3. Andrew Johnson 1865-1869 Military governor
Establish civilian government when 10% of voters from 1860 election take oath of allegiance to union
Presidential pardons to most Confederate leaders unless had at least $20,000 in cash and property – apply for a special pardon
Took his plan to the people: big political blunder!

4. Civil Rights Amendments
13th
Abolish Slavery
14th
Granted blacks full citizenship and guaranteed due process of law
15th
Black Suffrage

5. Military Reconstruction Act
Divided the ten Confederate states into five military districts.
Each district was headed by a military governor appointed by the President.
Federal troops occupied South as police force
Write a new state constitution and put provision to provide universal male suffrage regardless of color.
Ratify the14th and 15th Amendment.
Tennessee exempt from Act because it had already been “reconstructed” -- it had ratified the 14th Amendment.
Military governor was usually a Union general
Outrageous laws: Virginia -- could not issue marriage licenses unless both parties took oath of allegiance to U.S.

6. Freedman's Bureau Oliver O. Hazard – head of Freedman’s Bureau
American Missionary Association -- Northern school teachers went South
Established colleges: Howard University, Fisk University
Freedman's Bureau

7. Black Codes Prohibited blacks from voting From holding office
serving on juries
Attempts to regulate conduct of former slaves
South argued that the uneducated former slaves could be easily manipulated and should not have the right to vote.

8. Carpetbaggers and Scalawags
Native white Southern politicians who joined the Republican party after the war and advocated the acceptance of and compliance with congressional Reconstruction were labeled scalawags. To most white Southerners, scalawags were an unprincipled group of traitorous opportunists who had deserted their countrymen and ingratiated themselves with the hated Radical Republicans for their own material gain.
Lee's "Warhorse", Gen. James Longstreet, and partisan ranger John S. Mosby were probably the two most prominent ex-Confederates to embrace the Republicans and earn the name scalawag
The dictionary defines scalawag as "scamp, reprobate, or an animal of little value because of its small size, condition, or age". The term has been traced to Scalloway, a town in the Shetland Islands known for its stunted cattle.

9. Sharecropping ¾ of black farmers in South – Sharecroppers
1/3 white farmers sharecroppers

10. Ulysses S. Grant 1869-1877 "Grantism"
"Let Us Have Peace"
"Grantism"
“… a man with a problem before him of which he does not understand the terms.”

11. SCANDAL
Credit Mobilier

12. SCANDAL
Fisk – Gould Plan

13. SCANDAL
Whiskey Ring

14. SCANDAL
Tammany Hall
William “Boss” Tweed $
$11m
$3m

15. Thomas Nast

16. Kidnapping!!

17. Election of 1876
Tilden v. Hayes

18. Compromise of 1877 “Lemonade” Lucy “Water flowed like champagne”
To distract voters: Republicans “waved the bloody shirt” -- dread of the South
Phrase originated during Johnson’s impeachment trial: Rep. Benjamin Butler [Mass.] displayed a bloody shirt worn by a Mississippi Republican when members of KKK had beaten him
SC, La, Fl. Sent in conflicting returns
Commission of 15 along party lines voted 8-7 in favor of Hayes.