1. Chapter 6- Reconstruction
Standard 10
Chapter 6- Reconstruction

2. Lincoln Killed
Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, (5 days after the war ended)
Andrew Johnson became president and vowed to fulfill Lincoln’s goal of putting the nation back together
*Assassination Videos*

3. Federal Legislation
13th amendment- made slavery illegal throughout the US
14th amendment- guaranteed citizenship to everyone regardless of race
15th amendment- no citizen can be denied the right to vote based on race, color, or pervious condition of servitude.

4. Presidential Reconstruction
Southerners who swore allegiance to union were pardoned
Former confederate states could hold conventions to set up new state governments
States had to cancel secession and ratify the 13th amendment
Ending slavery
If these are completed then states could hold elections and reenter the nation

5. Black Codes- Created to Control Freed slaves
Nighttime curfews
Could be arrested and forced to work if they have no job
Had to sign farming contracts for at least 1 year
Could not buy land
No intermarrying between races

6. Radical Reconstruction
1. southern states put under military rule
2. states had to hold new constitutional conventions
3. Freed slaves allowed to vote
4. Southerners who had supported CSA not allowed to vote (temporality)
5. Had to guarantee equal rights for freed slaves
6. had to ratify 14th amendment

7. Impeachment Johnson was upset at the radical republicans
Fired Secretary of War Stanton because he was a radical republican
Violated Tenure in Office Act
Impeachment charges brought to Senate
Tried but did not impeach by 1 vote

8. Help for Freed Slaves
Many blacks remained in the South and sharecropped or tenant farmed
Both systems were designed to keep blacks working on white owned land
Sharecropping:
A family agreed to farm a portion of land in return to housing, tools, and a share of the crops
Share of profits decided between farmer and land owner.
Tenant Farming:
A family paid rent to a land owner for land
Owned the crops that grew
Had to provide their own housing

9. Help for Freed slaves Federal govt set up the Freedman’s Bureau
First federal relief agency in US
Provided clothes, medical attention, food, education, and land to freed slaves

10. Education and Church African American set up churches
Only organization completely controlled by blacks
Became the center for social and political life
Schools were set up to educate kids and adults
Morehouse College was created to provide a path to higher education for blacks

12. African Americans in Politics
Thanks to their new rights and military rule, African Americans won many offices in the new state governments
600 African Americans elected to political positions

13. White Resistance
Black codes had been outlawed by radical reconstruction
Whites took matters into their own hands
KKK and similar groups created

14. White Resistance Goal was to terrorize blacks into submission
Used lynching, beatings, and threats to intimidate

15. End of Reconstruction Ended after election of 1876
African Americans lost most of their rights they had gained
Southerners had control again
Jim Crow laws created
Literacy tests, poll taxes, grandfather clause, segregation
hippocampus

16. Moving West

17. Railroads
The invention of railroads created new possibilities for the Western US.
1862 Congress ordered the Transcontinental Railroad to be built
Irish and Chinese immigrants brought in to build it
Union Pacific and Central Pacific companies joined tracks in Utah with a gold spike in 1869

18. Moving West
Lots of people could move west easier because of the Railroad.
Large numbers of buffalo killed when building the railroad and for their hide
Plaines Indians could not survive- forced onto reservations

19. Indian Resistance Many Indian tribes resisted reservations
Cheyenne, Nez Perce, and Sioux rose up and battled with US army- eventually lost in sent to reservation in S. Dakota

20. Battle of Wounded Knee
Sioux people created “ghost dance” hoping to bring back the buffalo
US army though Chief Sitting Bull was using the dance to start an uprising
US killed Sitting Bull and chased the Sioux to Wounded Knee creek
Killed over 150 old men, women and child (unarmed)

21. Changes In America

22. Rise of Big Business
Steel now affordable thanks to the Bessemer Process
Used steel to make the railroads, but then also to build sky scrapers
Railroads could carry the heavy steel all across the nation
This allowed business to grow

23. Giants of Big Business
Cornelius Vanderbilt- became the king of railroads
Andrew Carnegie ruled the steel industry
John D Rockefeller had a monopoly over oil – Standard Oil

24. Trust- when several companies unite under one system
Using vertical integration
Monopoly- a market where there is only one supplier
“Pay nobody a profit”- John D. Rockefeller

26. Thomas Edison Most impactful inventor of the time
Phonograph – recorded sound
Motion picture camera- video
Electric light bulb
Electric company
How did the light bulb change the American way of life?

28. From , Ellis Island was the chief immigration station in the United States. An estimated 17 million immigrants passed through.
1882-The Chinese Exclusion Act-Chinese were prohibited from legally immigrating to the U.S.
Immigrants from Asia
passed through Angel Island.

30. Stations at Ellis/ Angel Island
Physical exam- no admission for people who are obviously sick
Government Inspector- checked papers from previous nation- no felons
Proof of money

31. Concerns over Immigration
Nativism- people who were against immigration and who favored white protestant Americans.
Nativist were afraid of:
Ethnic Ghettos-cultural neighborhoods in cities
Loosing jobs to immigrants
New languages being spoken
New religions
Why? These immigrants were from Eastern Europe and China- very different than previous immigrants/Americans
Skin color, language, religion, culture

32. What is Cultural Pluralism?
witter_got_crazy_and_ugly_in_response_to_coca_cola s_its_beautiful_super_bowl_commercial/ ?cm pid=msn%3Afoxsports%3Aansfox11

33. Living and Working Conditions
Low wages- children forced to work to help out
Endless cycle of poverty?
No benefits (minimum wage, insurance, SSI)
Dangerous working conditions
sweatshops

35. Living and Working Conditions
Urban slums created to house all the new immigrants
No sewer, water, multiple families per room
Tenements
Middle Class moved to suburbs
Electric trolleys allowed comminuting

38. Entertainment People had down time after work and needed entertainment
Bars, dance halls, plays, amusement parks, movies, sports
Central park created in NYC

42. -1921-The Emergency Quota Act-To stop the tide of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, Congress passed a law limiting the number of legal immigrants to 3 percent of the number of each nationality in 1910.

43. American Federation of Labor
AFL was founded in 1886 to unite craft workers to be able to fight for wage increase and better conditions
Samuel Gompers lead members in “walk outs” until the company was willing to agree to their demands
Collective bargaining

44. Pullman Strike
Pullman company created a town around their rail road car factory in Illinois for workers to live
Workers depended on company for everything
Pullman cut wages but did not cut rent
Eugene V. Debs lead workers in a strike
Pullman workers around the country all participated
Federal Army sent to force workers back to work
Debs jailed for 6 months- 13 men killed
Demonstrated the government would support business not the people- WHY?