1. No Taxation Without Representation Ch. 5 Section 1

2. The Proclamation of 1763
Three advantages the British expected to gain from the Proclamation
Helped keep peace between Native Americans and the settlers
Kept the colonists near the Atlantic Coast, where British authority was stronger
It allowed Britain to control westward expansion and the fur trade in the region
Problem: Britain was in debt from the French and Indian War and needed revenue
Solution: The Colonists should pay for part of the cost by taxing them

3. Great Britain Raises Taxes
Parliament and the Crown “take from any man any part of his property, without his consent in person or by representation”
-James Otis
Great Britain Raises Taxes
Great Britain passed the Sugar Act to help pay for the French and Indian War and the army to protect colonists from Native American attacks
British control in the American colonies increased with taxes, currency regulations, and the use of vice-admiralty courts to crackdown on smugglers
Court did not have juries and the judges treated accused as guilty until proven innocent even though it was the opposite in England.
“No Taxation without Representation”
-Samuel Adams
James Otis said Parliament and the Crown could not “take from any man any part of his property, without his consent in person or by representation”
Colonists were the subjects of the Crown instead of citizens of England
Samuel Adams (local leader in Boston) agreed with Otis and thus came the slogan “No Taxation without Representation”

4. Standing up to the Great Britain
Things Parliament did in addition to raising taxes:
Passed the Sugar Act in 1764 – set duties on molasses and sugar imported by colonists
Tried harder to arrest smugglers; colonial merchants had to list all items on the ships and have them approved before leaving ports. British Navy also stopped and searched ships.
Parliament made changes to the colonial legal system by giving more power to the vice-admiralty courts;.
Parliament gave British customs officers writs of assistance, which allowed them to search almost anywhere for smuggled items.
George Grenville, Britain’s Prime Minister

5. “No Taxation Without Representation”
At a Boston town meeting Samuel Adams agreed with James Otis and their ideas was summed up with one slogan “No Taxation without Representation”
Samuel Adams help found the Committees of Correspondence, each committee got in touch with other towns and colonies. The members shared ideas and information about the new British laws and ways to challenge them.
A popular method of protest was the boycott, which people refused to buy British goods.
First colonial boycott started in NY in 1765 and spread to other colonies.
The hope was that it would hurt the British economy and Parliament would end the taxes

6. Stamp Act of 1765
British gov’t continued to look for new ways to tax the American colonies
Parliament passed the Stamp Act of 1765, which required colonists to pay for an official stamp, or seal, when they bought paper items.
The tax had to be paid on legal documents, licenses, newspapers, pamphlets and even playing cards.
They formed a secret society called the Sons of Liberty, it was formed by Samuel Adams and the group sometimes used violence to frighten tax collectors.
Many courts shut down as a result of people refusing to pay taxes on legal documents.
In May 1765, Patrick Henry, a Virginia lawyer, stated to the VA House of Burgess the following:
The Stamp Act violated colonists rights
In addition to taxation without representation, it also denied the accused to a trial by jury.
Members of the Committees of Correspondence
Patrick Henry

7. Sons of Liberty

8. Repealing the Stamp Act
Boston members of the Mass. legislature called for a Stamp Act Congress
The Result with Parliament
Parliament got pressure from London Merchants to repeal the Stamp Act.
Repealed the Stamp Act in 1766
Parliament issued Declaratory Act, which stated that they had the power to make laws for the colonies “in all cases to make laws.”

9. Townshend Acts June 1767 Parliament passed the Townshend Acts.
Placed duties on glass, lead, paints, paper and tea.
Colonists responded by boycotting many British goods Response:
Women begin calling themselves Daughters of Liberty in support of the boycott
1768 Sam Adams wrote a letter arguing that the laws violated the legal rights of colonists.
Mass. Legislature sent the letter to other colonies’ legislatures who voted to join the protest.
Tax collectors seized the ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling.
Sons of Liberty attacked custom official houses in protest
Mass governor broke up the legislature and ask for troops to restore order; British troops arrived in Oct. 1768

10. Boston Massacre
A riot in which British soldiers killed several people in a mob.
Many Bostonians saw the presence of British soldiers as a threat by the British gov’t against it’s critics in Mass.
“I look upon [British soldiers] as foreign enemies.”
-Samuel Adams
“Come on you rascals… Fire if you dare!”
Sam Adams said, “I look upon [British soldiers] as foreign enemies.”
Tension exploded on March 5, 1770 when a British soldier had an argument with a colonist and struck him. An angry crowd gathered throwing snowballs, a small number of troops arrived, and colonist shouting
Soldiers fired instantly killing three men, one of them was sailor Crispus Attucks, and African American mixed with Native American; he would go down as the first casualty of the American Revolution.

11. The Boston Massacre Response
Samuel Adams and other protestors quickly spread the story of the shootings using it as propaganda, giving only a one-sided story in an argument.
Paul Revere created an elaborate color print titled The Bloody Massacre Perpetuated in King Street.
Josiah Quincy (left) and John Adams (right) defended the soldiers and argued that they acted in self-defense
The soldiers and their officer Thomas Preston were charged with murder
Result
Boston jury agreed and found Preston and six (6) soldiers not guilty
Two were found guilty of killing people in the crowd on accident
The men were branded on the hand and released

12. Boston Tea Party
British Parliament repealed almost all of the Townshend Act, except for the tax on tea.
The British East India Company offered the solution to sell directly to colonists at low prices to decrease smuggling and increase tax money.
Parliament agreed and passed the Tea Act – which allowed the British East India Co. to sell tea directly to the colonists.
Many colonists feared that it would put them out of business; Sons of Liberty demanded that the BEI Co. to leave
Dec. 16, 1773 colonists disguised themselves as Native Americans, snuck onto the ships and dumped 340 tea chests into Boston Harbor, which is known as the Boston Tea Party.

13. Intolerable Acts
New Prime Minister Lord North was furious at the news of the Boston Tea Party, and Parliament decided to punish Boston by passing the Coercive Acts in 1774; colonists called it the Intolerable Acts.
Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)
Boston Harbor was closed until Boston paid for the ruined tea.
Mass.’s charter was canceled; the governor decided if and when the legislature could meet.
Royal officials accused of crimes were sent to Britain for trial. This let them face a more friendly judge and jury.
A new Quartering Act required colonists to house British soldiers.
The Quebec Act gave a large amount of land to the colony of Quebec.
Gen. Thomas Gage became the new governor of Mass.