1. Work this out in your heads in silence...
To Start…
Work this out in your heads in silence... 76 = =
What process do you use to work these out? 78

2. Cognitive Psychology Memory
“Working Memory Model”

3. To outline the structure of the Working Memory Model.
Lesson Objectives
Thinking Ladder…
To outline the structure of the Working Memory Model.
To describe each of the components of the Working Memory Model.

4. How will I know if I am learning? By the end of the lesson I…
Success Criteria
How will I know if I am learning?
By the end of the lesson I…
Will be able to identify the components of the working memory model.
Will be able to understand how the components are related to each other.
Will be able to describe the working memory model

5. WMM
Baddeley & Hitch (1974)
Agreed with Atkinson & Shiffrin that memory is not just one ‘thing’ but a number of different stores 
However they realised that case study and laboratory evidence suggested that STM was more complicated than the MSM describes ….. (KF + dual task research)
Their new and improved model of memory focuses on STM ONLY and suggests it is not a unitary store like the MSM says it is
LTM as a more passive store that holds previously learned material for use by the STM when needed.

6. How Working Memory Model differs from the Multi-store model
WMM is all about STM only

7. Working Memory Model WMM
We saw with the multi-store model that a representation of the model can be drawn to illustrate it.
We will now look at the working memory model…whilst exercising your memories!
In groups of 3/4
A3 paper each
Each group send one person up at a time to take a turn at looking at the model for 20 seconds. That person must then report back to group. Group must try and draw model from reports – reporter CANNOT draw!
This also emphasises the limited capacity and duration of STM

8. Working Memory model, Baddeley & Hitch (1974)
Central executive
Very limited capacity
Directs attention to tasks
Decides how ‘resources’ are allocated to tasks
Let’s take a closer look at the components…
Visuo-spatial sketch pad
Used when you have to plan a spatial task – i.e. how to get from one place to the next
Spatial = the relationship between things
Visual = what things look like
Episodic buffer
Added to model later as Baddeley realised the model needed a general store
Phonological loop
Subdivided into:
Phonological store (inner ear)
Articulatory process
(inner voice)
Students look at poster of model outside classroom – two from group go for one minute then report back
Long term memory

9. This is also the role of the Central Executive!
WMM
Central Executive
Imagine the fat controller…
What kind of role does he play?
What does his job involve?
If he was in charge of memory what would he do?
This is also the role of the Central Executive!

10. Central Executive WMM Functions:
Direct attention to tasks – decides what working memory pays attention to.
For example, two activities sometimes come into conflict such as driving a car and talking. Rather than hitting a cyclist who is wobbling all over the road, it is preferable to stop talking and concentrate on driving. The central executive directs attention and gives priority to particular activities.

11. WMM
Central Executive
Has Limited Capacity – Data arrives from the senses but it can’t hold it for long.
It Determines how resources (slave systems) are allocated.
Baddeley (1986) uses the metaphor of a company boss to describe the way in which the central executive operates. 
The company boss makes decisions about which issues deserve attention and which should be ignored. 
The Boss also select strategies but can only do a limited number of things at the same time.
The boss of a company will collect information from a number of different sources just like the CE that takes information from the inner ear and the eyes as well as information held in a large database (LTM).

12. The ‘CE’ Acts like the people in the control tower at the airport

13. The next components are known as ‘slave systems’
They work for the Central Executive

14. 1st Slave System…
Phonological Loop
Imagine… You are engrossed in your favourite episode of TOWIE when your friend comes in and starts telling you about her day… What happens?
Can you give your full attention to hearing 2 things at once?

15. Phonological Loop Limited Capacity
1st Slave System…
Phonological Loop
Limited Capacity
Deals with auditory information and preserves word order – Inner Ear
Baddeley (1986) further subdivided it into
Phonological store (holds words heard)
Articulatory process (holds words heard/seen and silently repeated (looped) like an inner voice. This is a kind of maintenance rehearsal.

16. Visuo-spatial sketch pad
WMM
2nd Slave System…
Visuo-spatial sketch pad
Imagine folding these shapes into cubes. Do the arrows meet? At the same time try to calculate how many windows are in your house.
Is this easy?
Try calculating the windows in your house while listening to music.
Is this easy?

17. Visuo-spatial sketch pad
WMM
2nd Slave System…
Visuo-spatial sketch pad
Visual and/or spatial information stored here – Inner Eye
Visual = what things look like
Spatial = relationships between things
It also has Limited capacity
Logie (1995) suggested subdivision:
Visuo-cache (store)
Inner scribe for spatial relations.

18. WMM
Episodic Buffer
3rd Slave System…
Baddeley (2000) added the episodic buffer as he realised the model needed a more general store.
The Slave systems deal with specific types of information.
The Central executive has no storage capacity
The Episodic Buffer adds extra storage system but with limited capacity.
It Integrates information from all other areas.

19. Episodic Buffer is like a…
The episodic buffer binds and integrates information from all of the other components, and sends information to the long-term memory store.

20. The Working Memory Model
Task: Complete the fill-in-the- blanks exercise, using the key words below:
Phonological loop
Acoustic
Articulatory Control System
Multi-Store Model
Working Memory Model
Baddeley & Hitch
Central Executive
Visuo-Spatial
Multi -Component
Manipulates

21. Articulatory Control System
Working Memory Model
Baddeley & Hitch
Multi-Store Model
Multi-component
Central Executive
Visuo-Spatial
Phonological Loop
Acoustic
Articulatory Control System
Manipulates

22. WMM
Your own Diagram…
Create your own diagram of the Working Memory Model using the age old cut and stick method Extension: Label each component and try to write an explanation of what it is and does.

23. Question Time… We’ve seen the model now lets talk about the model.....
WMM
Question Time…
We’ve seen the model now lets talk about the model.....
Write ONE challenging question about the working memory model (that you know the answer to).
Then go and test others in the class to see how well they have understood/remembered the model.