1. Islam, Byzantine Empire, and a Bit of Eastern Europe
Unit 3
Islam, Byzantine Empire, and a
Bit of Eastern Europe

2. The Roots of Islam

3. A Disadvantage?
How could this society be taken advantage of by other empires?

4. Pre-Islamic Bedouins
Women had greater freedom than those in Greece and Rome
Valued members of clans

5. Pre-Islamic Bedouins
Women had greater freedom than those in Greece and Rome
Valued members of clans
Varied among tribes

6. Pre-Islamic Bedouins
Culture not as highly developed as others of the period
Religion = polytheistic (sometimes animism)

7. Pre-Islamic Bedouins
Culture not as highly developed as others of the period
Religion = polytheistic (sometimes animism)

8. The Spread of Islam

9. The Spread of Islam Expansion of Islamic Territories
Abu Bakr – Caliph, successor to Muhammad (not named by Muhammad)
Armies expand territory

10. At Who’s Expense?

11. Byzantine Empire

13. Internal Divisions Umayyad vs. Ali Ali = cousin of Muhammad
Umayyad clan that held position of Caliph
Civil War
Split within the religion
Sunnis
Shia – followers of Ali

14. Read pgs 191-200 in packet Reading Quiz Tuesday
Essays Due By 3:45 Tuesday
You can turn them in anytime (homework box)

15. CALM DOWN! I KNOW SOME OF YOU COULDN’T PRINT THIS MORNING. IT’S OK!!!
Turn in your essay if you have it
Review last night’s reading from the packet
I will take questions in a few minutes
Reading Quiz Coming Up!!!
You will need a sheet of paper

16. Answer 3 of the following in paragraphs
Discuss one factor in the decline of spiritual authority of the caliph. (Look at Umayyad, Abbasid, or both)
How did trade influence Arab/Islamic empires during this era?
Discuss 2 factors that can account for rapid expansion of Arab conquests following Muhammad’s death?
Muhammad left no clear successor. Discuss the religious and political impact of this.
How did the attitude toward non-Arabs begin to change under Abbasid rule? Why did this change?
How can early Arab/Islamic society be considered more egalitarian than other societies of the era? In what ways were human rights infringed upon?

17. Tonight Read pgs 200-207 Reading Quiz Wednesday
Lecture on Arab/Islamic Empires and society tomorrow
Check out faughthistory.weebly.com for the presentation (will be up 4th block)

18. Pick up a Unit 3 worksheet
Read pgs (In book)
Pg 177 Answer Question 1
Pg 178 Answer Questions 1,2,4
Answer in complete sentences
Hang on to these when finished

19. The Umayyad Dynasty (661-750)
Continued expansion
Religious toleration
Corruption and favoritism = discontent
700s
Abbasids overthrow Umayyad dynasty

20. Policy toward Conquered Peoples
Limited social mobility for non-Arab Muslims
Head tax (jizya) on non-Muslims
Umayyad luxurious living causes further decline in moral authority

21. Abbasid Dynasty ( )
Rulers now isolate themselves (Persian Style)
Encouraged conversions to Islam

22. Nature of the Abbasid Dynasty
Diverse nature of administration (i.e. not exclusively Arab)
Less focus on imperial expansion
Dar al-Islam
The Islamic World
Growth through military activity of autonomous Islamic forces

23. Al-Andalus (Islamic Spain)
Muslim Berber conquerors from North Africa take Spain, early 8th c.
Allied to Umayyads, refused to recognize Abbasid dynasty
Formed own caliphate
Some tensions, general cooperation

24. Abbasid Dynasty
Impact of Trade?

25. Formation of a Hemispheric Trading Zone
Historical precedent of Arabic trade
Dar al-Islam encompasses silk routes
Impact?
Camel caravans
Maritime trade

26. Banking and Trade Scale of trade causes banks to develop
Sakk (“check”)
Uniformity of Islamic law throughout dar al-Islam promotes trade

27. Increased Independence
900s AD -- Abbasid power declines
European Threats
Egypt – Fatimids
Turks
Non-Arab Muslims
Mongols

28. Short Answer DOES NOT mean shortest answer possible
Short Answer DOES NOT mean shortest answer possible. You must use evidence to back up your points!
Review last night’s reading
Questions then a quiz coming up

29. The problem with Islamic art
It isn’t one thing or even a movement
Localized styles….why so many different styles?

30. Common Themes
Geometric Motifs

31. Common Themes
Arbesque – vegetative motif

32. Early Islamic Architecture
Dome of the Rock. Jerusalem, Palestine.
Islamic, Umayyad. 691–692 C.E., with multiple renovations.
Stone masonry and wooden roof decorated with glazed ceramic tile, mosaics, and gilt aluminum and bronze dome.

33. 185. Dome of the Rock. Jerusalem, Palestine. Islamic, Umayyad
185. Dome of the Rock. Jerusalem, Palestine. Islamic, Umayyad. 691–692 C.E., with multiple renovations. Stone masonry and wooden roof decorated with glazed ceramic tile, mosaics, and gilt aluminum and bronze dome.
Dome of the Rock

34. Great Mosques at Samarra, Iraq