1. Aim: How has NATIONALISM been a source of UNITY?
German + Italian Unification

2. Nationalism: Feeling of strong loyalty to one’s country and culture.
*Can be a force for UNITY (Italy/Germany)
or DIVISION (Ottomans)

5. Bismarck Unites Germany
Otto Von Bismarck
“BLOOD AND IRON”
Policy used to unite German states under Prussian rule.
Militarism
Glorifying Military
Using military as a means (method) of achieving national goals
Wars for UNIFICATION and POWER
Realpolitik
Realistic Politics – Strengthen military and economy
Economic Strengths: Industry, Resources, Workforce
“The End Justifies the Means”

7. Austro-Prussian War

8. Franco Prussian War

11. Otto Von Bismarck “The Iron Chancellor”
NATIONALISTIC GOALS
UNIFICATION and POWER for Germany
The STATE is more important than the INDIVIDUAL
Foreign Allies: Build links to Austria and Russia, Keep France Weak (Why?)
Enemies
Catholic Church (1/3 of German Population)
Socialists (What is Socialism?)
Both Backfired  Led to Social Reform and Laws to Protect Workers

15. Italian Nationalism Risorgimento - Italian Nationalist Movement
Guisseppe Mazzini (The Soul)
Founded Young Italy
Beginning of Nationalism in Italy
Count Camillo Cavour (The Brains)
Realpolitik (Like Bismarck)
Giuseppe Garibaldi (The Sword)
“Red Shirts”(Militant Group)  Took over Sicily

16. King Victor Emmanuel

17. Giuseppe Mazzini GOAL “To Constitute Italy, One, Free, Independent, Republican Nation”

18. Count Camillo Cavour

19. Giuseppe Garibaldi “Red Shirts”

24. ECONOMIC CHANGES
Improved Agriculture
Free Trade Between States
Industrialization -Large Workforce
SOCIAL CHANGES
Emigration – Movement away from homeland
Improved Social Conditions, Working Conditions and Education
Increased Suffrage – Right to Vote

25. Aim: How has NATIONALISM been a source of DIVISION?
Ottoman Empire

26. Ottoman History Took Over Byzantine Empire in 1453 Religion – Islam
Capital City – Istanbul (Constantinople)
Religion – Islam
Hagia Sophia – Church Mosque
Famous Leader – Suleyman

27. Ottoman Problems Multinational Empire Weak Leaders
Balkans – Nationalist Revolutions
Weak Leaders
Conflict with Europeans (Crimean War)
Europeans want the Strategic Location
Failed Attempts at Reform

28. Ottoman Nationalist Movements
Ottomans lost control of territories due to nationalistic rivalries and ethnic tensions:
Romania, Bosnia, Montenegro, Cyprus, Herzgovina, Bulgaria, Greece
Ottomans are overthrown because of feelings of NATIONALISM

29. Ottoman Reforms - Ataturk
MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATURK – “Father of the Turks”
A great reformer/westernizer/modernizer
Similar to (Emperor Meiji, Peter the Great)
Political Reforms: Declared Turkey a REPUBLIC and granted FREEDOM OF RELIGION (A secular state – NOT RELIGIOUS), European legal code (no Islamic law)
Social Reforms: Schools for all, Equality for women
Nationalism: Brought in western ideas, culture, technology to make Turkey a powerful MODERN state.