1. Various Leadership Concepts
Leadership and Executive Development Cluster
National Institute of Public Administration

2. Sharing Knowledge Outline
1. Definitions of Leadership
2. Definitions of Effective Leaders
3. Five (5) Leadership Theories
4. Three (3) Common Styles of Leadership

3. WHAT IS LEADERSHIP?
“Leadership is influence – nothing more, nothing less”
John C. Maxwell
Leadership = ability to lead: the ability to guide, direct, or influence people
Dictionary
“Leadership can be defined as the will to control events, the understanding to chart a course, and the power to get a job done, cooperatively using the skills and abilities of other people”
Donald G. Krause
Real Leadership = being the person others will gladly and confidently follow
John C. Maxwell

4. WHAT IS LEADERSHIP?
“Leadership is the art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it”
Dwight Eisenhower
“Leadership is action, not position” Donald McGannon
Good leadership brings out the best in people and with it ordinary people could do extraordinary things
Peter Drucker
“One measure of leadership is the calibre of people who choose to follow you”
Dennis Peer
“To be a leader requires one thing and one thing only. Followers. That's it.”
Simon Sinek

5. LEADERSHIP THEORIES Great Man Theory Trait Approach Theory
Transactional Theory
Transformational Theory

6. GREAT MAN THEORY
Based on the belief that leaders are exceptional people, born with innate qualities, destined to lead
Who is the leader?

7. TRAITS APPROACH THEORY
It was believe that critical leadership traits could be identified and that people with such traits could then be selected, recruited, trained and installed into leadership positions

8. TRANSACTIONAL THEORY
This theory base leadership on a system of reward and punishment. There is the element of transaction in place – perform ‘a task’ and you will receive ‘reward.’ If you don’t perform ‘a task’ you will have to face ‘punishment’
It is often used in the armed
forces and also in business.
When employees are
successful, they are rewarded;
when they fail, they are
reprimanded or punished

9. TRANSFORMATIONAL THEORY
These leaders motivate and inspire people by helping the followers to see the importance and higher good of the task.
Transformational leaders strive to help others to fulfill their potential. They tend to coach or mentor subordinates to achieve success

10. TRANSFORMATIVE LEADERSHIP
There is more than one definition for ‘transformative leadership’
The one applied here is basically meant that “The method or style of leadership that a leader adhere to that works toward transforming an organisation and also the staff towards a better level of achievement
According to Prof. Rounaq Jahan of Columbia University, “A transformative leader is a person who can guide, direct, and influence others, to bring about a fundamental change, change not only of the external world, but also of internal processes”

11. LEADERSHIP STYLE
Leadership style is the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans and motivating people

12. 3 COMMON LEADERSHIP STYLES 3 COMMON LEADERSHIP STYLES
Delegative
Autocratic
(Authoritarian)
Democratic
(Participative)
Leader
Leader
Leader
Employees
Employees
Employees
Leader
Whole Group
Employees
EMPHASIS

13. AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE
Autocratic leader instruct what he needs to be done, without getting the opinion or feedback of the employee
Sometimes rely on threats and punishment to influence employee
May not allow employee input

14. Autocratic Style ………. continued
AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE
Autocratic Style ………. continued
Effective when ….
Employee do not respond to any other leadership style
Work needs to be coordinated with other a number of parties
The area was poorly managed

15. DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE
This type of style involves the leader including one or more employees in on the decision making process (determining what to do and how to do it). However, the leader maintains the final decision making authority. Typically democratic leader:
Develops plans to help employee evaluate their own performance
Allow employees to establish goals
Encourage employees to grow on the job and be promoted
Recognizes and encourages achievement

16. DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE
Effective when ….
The leader wants to keep employees informed about matters that effect them
The leader want employees to share in decision-making and problem-solving duties
You want to encourage team building and participation

17. DELEGATIVE LEADERSHIP STYLE
In this style, the leader allows the employees to make the decision. However, the leader is still responsible for the decisions that are made
A useful way for a leader to prioritize tasks and show their followers that they trust their abilities to lead certain initiatives

18. Delegative Style …………. continued
DELEGATIVE LEADERSHIP STYLE
Delegative Style …………. continued
Effective when ….
Employees are highly skilled, experienced and educated
Employees have pride in their work and the drive to do it successfully on their own
Employees are trustworthy

19. WHAT IS THE BEST STYLE?
In your own opinion, what is the best leadership style?

20. VARYING LEADERSHIP STYLE
While the proper leadership style depends on the situation, there are other factors that influence which style to use:
The leader’s personal background. What personality, knowledge, values, ethics does the leader have.
The leader’s preferred style.
The skill and experience of the subordinates.
The organisation itself. The traditions, values, philosophy and concerns of the organisation.
The organistion environment – stable or suffering turbulent.

21. What is your own Leadership Style?

22. Question and Answer Session