1. Environmental Chemistry
Feb. 20, 2018

2. Teams Team 1 Team 2 Jamie Attanasio James Gonzales
Christman Henderer Emily Carter
Jamie Schwartz Gabriel Forest
Haransh Singh
Team 3 Team 4
Caitlin Lawlor Julia Rembetsy-Brown
Guillermo Pico Oms Emily Visco
Sophie Gould Erica Xu
Jack Koskinen Maggie White
Team 5
Georganna Benedetto
Sheryl Cramer
George Schmidt
Valerie Smith

3. Origins Create the universe Create the elements Create the Earth
Form the atmosphere and oceans

4. Create the Earth
Accretion – gravity-driven process by which smaller objects collide and combine to form a larger object
Interior heats and exterior cools. Molten interior results in movement, e.g., plate tectonics, which allows substances to segregate based on properties
What characteristics differentiate substances (both elements and compounds)?
Density
Volatility/Phase
Solubility
Organic/Inorganic
Mineral?

5. What maintains temperature?
Feedbacks on CO2 concentration
Weathering
3 H2O + 2 CO2 + CaSiO3  Ca HCO3- + H4SiO4
Precipitation
Ca HCO3-  CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 (foraminifera)
H4SiO4  SiO2 + 2 H2O (diatoms)
Mantle
CaCO3 + SiO2  CaSiO3 + CO2
wollastonite

6. Carbonate-silicate cycle
Timescale = 105 – 107 yrs
J. F. Kasting, Science Spectra, 1995

7. https://www. southampton. ac

8. Feedback on CO2
Figure 09-11
How to Build a Habitable Planet Copyright © Princeton University Press 2012

9. Historical CO2 record
from Berner, Science, 1997

11. Figure 09-09
How to Build a Habitable Planet Copyright © Princeton University Press 2012

13. Figure 15-02
How to Build a Habitable Planet Copyright © Princeton University Press 2012

16. Aerobic respiration

18. Banded iron formations

19. “Biogeochemical cycle modelling indicates that prolonged super- greenhouse conditions and effective nutrient input to the ocean after the glaciation lead to high levels of primary productivity and burial of organic carbon. This causes an abrupt jump of oxygen levels within ∼104yr after the glaciation and an extensive oxygen overshoot to the present atmospheric level. The overshoot persists for ∼108yr because net consumption of oxygen in the atmosphere–ocean system is inefficient. We show that the post- glacial jump of oxygen levels occurred in biologically short timescale, which may have stimulated the ecological shift and/or biological innovations toward the prosperity of oxygen- dependent life.”

20. Coevolution of CO2 and O2