1. Concentration

2. But first… some kidney review!

4. You’re the renal deal

6. What is the name of the tube that carries urine that joins the kidney to the bladder?

7. What is the name of the millions of long twisted tubes you have inside your kidneys?

8. Explain osmosis.

9. Important definitions
Solution: A homogeneous mixture. It appears to only be one substance.

10. Important definitions
Solution: A homogeneous mixture. It appears to only be one substance.

11. Important definitions
Solution: A homogeneous mixture. It appears to only be one substance.
Solute: The substance that is being dissolved.
Solvent: The substance that does the dissolving (usually water).

12. Concentration
Concentration is a measurement of how much solute there is in a given amount of solution.

13. 2 questions to think about
Can you add too much solute to a mixture, such that the solvent can no longer dissolve it?

14. 2 questions to think about
Can you add too much solute to a mixture, such that the solvent can no longer dissolve it?
7.5 L

15. 2 questions to think about
2. When you add a solute to a solvent, does it increase the volume of the solution?

16. 2 questions to think about
2. When you add a solute to a solvent, does it increase the volume of the solution?

17. 2 more definitions
Saturation: This is when there is too much solute for a solvent to dissolve.
Dilution: This is the act of adding more solvent.

18. If you add solute to a solution, its concentration ________________.
If you add solvent to a solution, its concentration ________________.

19. Concentration Formula
C is the concentration (in ______)
m is the mass of the solute (in grams)
V is the volume of the solution (in litres)

20. Yard
Inch
Foot
Gallon
Quart
Mile
Ounce
Pound

21. All calculations will be done with metric values.
Mass
All calculations will be done with metric values.

22. All calculations will be done with metric values.
Mass
All calculations will be done with metric values.
mg 
475

23. All calculations will be done with metric values.
Mass
All calculations will be done with metric values.
kL 
 0.08

24. Practice Problems
Mateo mixes 125 g of potassium sulfate (K2SO4) in L of solution. What is the concentration of his final solution?

25. Practice Problems
Jaymie pours 6750 mL of solvent into a container that has g of aluminum hydroxide in it. What is the concentration of his final solution?

26. Practice Problems
Alex adds mg of Gatorade powder to 4 L of water. What is its concentration?

27. Practice Problems
Kaitlyn is reading the nutritional label on the side of a juice bottle. She is shocked to discover that this particular juice contains 43 g of sugar. If the juice’s sugar concentration is 96 g/L, what is the volume of Kaitlyn’s bottle?

28. Practice Problems
Kaitlyn is reading the nutritional label on the side of a juice bottle. She is shocked to discover that this particular juice contains 43 g of sugar. If the juice’s sugar concentration is 96 g/L, what is the volume of Kaitlyn’s bottle?
True story!

29. Practice Problems
Saad has been asked to prepare a saltwater solution that has a concentration of 35 g/L. He has only 30 mL of water to work with. How much salt should he pour in?

30. Practice Problems
If the concentration of chlorine in swimming pool water is greater than g/L, swimmers run the risk of developing irritated eyes and skin. Tiffany is the manager of a swimming pool. She has just hired a lifeguard who has added 8000 g of chlorine to 2500 kL of water. Should Tiffany fire her?

31. Concentration Steps
Identify the different values and list them (including the units).
Is everything in g and L? If so, carry on. If not, convert them to g and L.
Decide on which formula you need using the triangle. Again, include your units!!
Calculate the missing value… show your units again!

32. Pepsi sugar concentration

33. Pepsi sugar concentration

34. Red Bull has a sugar concentration of 112 g/L
Red Bull has a sugar concentration of 112 g/L. How much sugar is in 2 L of red bull?

35. Which of the following is/are toxic?

37. Dilution
This is the act of adding more solvent. It reduces a solution’s concentration. This is also known as “watering down” a solution.

38. Dilution
You make a solution by dissolving 20 g of salt in 2 L of water. What is the concentration?
Then, you add 1 L of water to it. What is the new concentration?