1. American Foreign Policy: 1930-1941

2. Fascism- nation over the individual, dictatorship w/ an emphasis on a strong military
Mussolini - Italy
mini-bio

4. Fascism
Similarities
Communism
Extreme nationalism
internationalism
Economic
capitalist, protect private prop, state can direct economy
No private prop – state directs economy
Military
Show superiority of the nation
Overthrow all nations – put system in
Social
Control all aspects of life - totalitarianism

5. Hyper-Inflation in Germany: 1923

6. Adolf Hitler - Germany
mini-bio
Mein Kampf, Nazi, Economy

7. The appeasement of Hitler continued with the Munich Pact.
Britain and France sacrificed the Sudetenland to Germany in return for peace.
But peace was not to come.
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and Hitler in Munich 7

8. Fascist Aggression
1935: Hitler denounced the Versailles Treaty & League of Nations [re-arming!] Mussolini attacks Ethiopia.
1936: German troops sent into the Rhineland Fascist forces sent to fight with Franco in Spain.
1938: Austrian Anschluss Rome-Berlin Tokyo Pact [AXIS] Munich Agreement  APPEASEMENT!
Sudetenland
Neville Chamberlain

9. So much aggression it takes 2 slides
1939: German troops march into the rest of Czechoslovakia Hitler-Stalin Non-Aggression Pact.
September 1, 1939: German troops march into Poland  blitzkrieg  WW II begins

10. German Aggression, 1936–1941

11. Blitzkrieg
check it out

12. FDR Recognizes the Soviet Union (late 1933)
FDR - bolster the US against Japan.
Trade w/ USSR- help economy during the Depression.

13. Stalin Lenin died Communism “Man of Steel” 10 million
1. state run collective farms
2. industrial nation
1. purged Communist “traitors”
2. 1 mill dead/imprisoned
3. fear/propaganda - kept Stalin in power
Germany attacked USSR

14. Stalin- USSR - Communism
Stalin - Mini-Bio

15. Gulag

16. Hitler’s Biggest Mistake – Invasion of Russia

17. Churchill “Phony War” 338K Brits/French escape to England 35
1. air battle
2. GB-lost 1k planes
3. Germans – 1.7K planes
4. “Blitz” on London – Bombing
5. attacked civilians
Germ did not invade GB
American newspaper reporter – “Blitz”

18. Winnie Contd Aug. 1941 US and GB 1. national self-determination
2. international system of general security
Deep alliance between GB and US

19. Winston Churchill - GB
Mini-bio

20. Quotes of Winnie
I may be drunk, Miss, but in the morning I will be sober and you will still be ugly.”
Lady Astor: “Winston, if I were your wife I’d put poison in your coffee.”
Winston Churchill: “Nancy, if I were your husband I’d drink it.”
Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few

21. Atlantic Charter 1. not pursue terr. Expansion
2.right to choose own gov’t
3.international trade
4. to raw materials
5. be disarmed
6. rid the world of fear & poverty
BASIS FOR THE UNITED NATIONS

23. Nye Committee Hearings (1934-1936)
The Nye Committee I investigated the charge that WW I was needless and the US entered so munitions owners could make big profits [“merchants of death.”]
The Committee did charge that bankers wanted war to protect their loans & arms manufacturers to make money.
Claimed that Wilson had provoked Germany by sailing in to warring nations’ waters.
Resulted in Congress passing several Neutrality Acts.
Senator Gerald P. Nye [R-ND]

24. FDR’s “I hate war” Speech (1936)

25. Neutrality Acts: 1935, 1936, 1937 Learn lessons from WWI
no sales of arms to belligerent nations.
no loans/credits to belligerent nations.
Forbade US cit. to travel on ships of nations at war
“cash-and-carry”  pay in cash, pick it up
Banned involvement in the Spanish Civil War.
limited the options of the POTUS in a crisis.
US declined to build up its forces!

26. US Neutrality

27. Franco – Spain – Fascism

29. The American “Lincoln Brigade”
Spanish Civil War ( )
The American “Lincoln Brigade”

30. 1939 Neutrality Act Results of the 1939 Neutrality Act:
Germany’s invasion of Poland.
aids European democracies in a limited way
Results of the 1939 Neutrality Act:
Aggressors could not send ships to buy US munitions.
The US economy improves
America becomes the “Arsenal of Democracy”

31. 1940 Election – What is the significance?

32. Unneutral Neutrality Selective Service Act
1st peacetime draft in US History
Destroyers for Bases Agreement
US Destroyers => GB
GB Bases => US

33. “America First” Committee
Charles Lindbergh

34. “Lend-Lease” Act (1941) – sell/lend war supplies to any country that was vital to safety of US
Great Britain $31 billion Soviet Union $11 billion France $ 3 billion China $1.5 billion Other European $500 million South America $400 million The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000

36. Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms Speech
He highlighted four freedoms precious to Americans.
freedom of speech
freedom of worship
freedom from want
freedom from fear
Poster photo pg. 787
All of these freedoms, he argued, were threatened by German and Japanese militarism.

38. Japanese Attack Manchuria (1931)
League of Nations condemned the action.
Japan leaves the League.
Hoover wanted no part in an American military action in the Far East.

39. Prime Minister Tojo

40. Emperor Hirohito

41. Japan invaded Manchuria, then China.
Japanese Expansion,
Japan invaded Manchuria, then China.
“Rape of Nanjing” 41

42. Panay Incident (1937)
Japan bombed USS Panay gunboat & three Standard Oil tankers on the Yangtze River.
Japan apologized, paid US an indemnity, and promised no further attacks.
Most Americans were satisfied with the apology.
Results  Japanese interpreted US tone as a license for further aggression against US interests.

43. French Indochina - 1941 FDR – froze all Japanese assets in US Embargo
Gas
Machine tools
Scrap iron
steel