1. FDR and the Shadow of War Chapter 34

2. The London Economic Conference
66 nation conference
Aimed at stabilizing currencies and reviving world trade
FDR chooses for U.S. not to participate
Would “tie his hands”
Three negative outcomes of his decision:
1) Deepening of world depression
2) Strengthened world-wide trend toward extreme nationalism
3) Emboldened dictators

3. Freedom for (from) the Filipinos and Recognition for the Russians
Tydings-McDuffie Act, 1934
Freedom for Filipinos in 1946
Signaled growing isolationism
Emboldened the Japanese expansionists. Why?
Formal recognition of Russia by the United States in 1933
Hoped for trade and a counterweight to Germany and Japan

4. Becoming a Good Neighbor
“Good Neighbor Policy” - FDR’s policy towards Latin America
Renounced the Roosevelt Corollary of armed interventionism
What did they hope to achieve?
Renounced interventionism in Cuba as stipulated in _______________.
FDR finds great success and fanfare with this policy.

5. Secretary Hull’s Reciprocal Trade Agreements
Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act, 1934
Promise to lower tariffs if the other nation would do the same
Reversed high-tariff trend existing since Civil War
Trade, as a two-way street, avoids conflict and stimulates economies
By 1939, ___ countries sign on.
Paves way for “free-trade” agreements in post-war world

6. Storm-Cellar Isolationism
Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Joseph Stalin
Totalitarian dictators begin their rise

7. Withdraws from League of Nations, 1933
Hitler’s Rise
Exploited issues with Treaty of Versailles and the German depression (demagogue)
Attained absolute power, was impulsive
The “big lie ”
Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
Withdraws from League of Nations, 1933
Begins rearming
Rome-Berlin Axis, 1936
pact with Italy
Japanese withdraw from Five Power Treaty, 1936
Withdraws from LON, 1935
Tripartite Pact, 1940

9. Johnson Debt Default Act, 1934 _____________________
Mussolini and Italy
Ethiopian Invasion, 1935
Failure of the League
Failed to embargo oil
“signed their own death warrant”
1934 speech (page 782)
U.S. Isolationism Grows
Troubles abroad
Depression at Home
Memories of WWI
Johnson Debt Default Act, 1934 _____________________

10. Congress Legislates Neutrality
Nye Committee Investigations
Twisting of facts - ___________________
Increased isolationism
Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, 1937
When president proclaims existence of a foreign war Americans could not:
1) Sail on belligerent ships
2) Ship, sale, or transport munitions
3) Make loans to them
What does this all mean?
(pg 783 reading)
Gerald Nye

11. America Dooms Loyalist Spain
Spanish Civil War,
Fascists vs. Loyalists (to the republican government)
General Francisco Franco
Neutrality acts cause U.S. to watch as democratic Spain falls to the fascists
Emboldens the militaristic dictators
Abraham Lincoln Brigade

12. Appeasing Japan and Germany
FDR’s Quarantine Speech
“Quarantine aggressive nations”
Italy and Japan
Infuriated isolationists (WHY?)
FDR backs off of the idea
Panay Incident
American gunboat sunk by Japanese off the coast of China
Apology made
Intensified isolationism

13. Germany’s movements Remilitarization
1936, Reoccupation of German Rhineland
1938, Annexation of Austria (Anschluss)
1938, Demands made for the Sudetenland (German-speaking part of Czechoslovakia)

15. Munich Conference, Sept. 1938
Meeting between Hitler and European leaders
“Last of my territorial demands”
Neville Chamberlain of GB
Appeasement - _____ __________________
6 months later… _______ _____________________
“Peace in our time”

16. Hitler’s Belligerency and U.S. Neutrality
Hitler-Stalin (Nazi-Soviet) Pact, Aug. 1939
Non-aggression treaty
Shocks the world. Why?
What was the motive on both sides? _______ _____________________________________
Sept. 9, 1939 – Hitler Invades Poland
Britain and France declare war on _______

17. Hitler’s Belligerency and U.S. Neutrality
Britain and France need weapons…
Neutrality Act of 1939
“Cash and ______ policy”
Amended previous acts
U.S. no longer neutral

18. The Fall of France June 1940, France falls England stands alone
U.S. begins building up its military
Sept 6, 1940 – first peacetime draft
_________ Conference, 1940
U.S. and Latin America will uphold Monroe Doctrine jointly

19. Bolstering Britain with the Destroyer Deal (1940)
Battle of Britain
“Fortress America” defensive position or help Britain?
Committee to Defend America:
Favored aid to the allies
America First Committee
Opposed aid to the allies (isolationists)
“Bases for Destroyers” deal
Sept 1940
Aids the allies, WWI ships
Most Americans favored “all aid short of war”

20. FDR’s Third Term

21. A Landmark Lend-Lease Law
What was it?
March 1941
Send supplies to victims of aggression
“Billions not _______”
Economic declaration of war
Officially marked end of U.S. neutrality
Germany begins sinking American ships

22. Charting a New World Operation Barbarosa, June 1941
Hitler invades the Soviet Union
Violating the _______________
Atlantic Conference, Aug. 1941
_________ Charter
Outlines goals for the post-war world
Heavy on self-determination
Proposal for new L.O.N. (eventually the U.N.)

23. Pearl Harbor Late 1940-194 Infuriates Japanese December 7, 1941
U.S. enacts embargoes on Japan and freezes assets in the U.S.
Infuriates Japanese
December 7, 1941
A day “that will live in infamy”
3,000 casualities
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