1. FDR and the Shadow of War
American Pageant
Chapter 35
FDR and the Shadow of War

2. London Economic Conference
66 nations meet. Purpose and primary goal
Roosevelt pulls out. Why?
Results:
World depression gets worse and everyone pursues their own policies.
Leads to an increase in nationalism.
Reduces chances for international cooperation on other issues

3. FDR’s Foreign Policy Increased isolationism Withdrew from Asia
Tydings-McDuffie Act – independence of the Philippines
1933 – recognized the Soviet Union

4. “Good Neighbor Policy”
Renounced armed intervention in Latin America. 
Marines left Haiti in 1934;
Cuba, under the Platt Amendment, was released from American control
Mexican government seized American oil properties in 1938,
FDR held to his unarmed intervention policy and a settlement was worked out in 1941

5. Dictators: Joseph Stalin
1922: Control of Communist USSR

6. Dictators: Benito Mussolini
1922: Italy

7. Dictators: Adolf Hitler
Nazi Party (Germany) – 1921
Rome-Berlin Axis (1936)

8. Isolationism: Dr. Seuss

9. Neutrality Acts
1935, 1936, 1937
No American could legally sail on a belligerent ship, sell or transport munitions to a belligerent, or make loans to a belligerent.
Provoked aggression

10. Japan

11. Japan invades China
In 1937, the Japanese militarists touched off an explosion that led to the all-out invasion of China. 
President Roosevelt refused to call the "China incident" an officially declared war. 
The Japanese, as a result, were able to continue to buy war supplies in the United States.
In 1937, Japanese planes sunk an American gunboat, the Panay. 
Tokyo was quick to make apologies and the United States accepted.

14. Germany

15. Hitler’s violation of the Treaty of Versailles
mandatory military service in Germany.  I
took over the demilitarized German Rhineland.
In March 1938, Hitler invaded Austria. 
(Note:  Austria actually voted for the occupation, fully aware that if it resisted, Germany would forcefully take over Austria.)
At a conference in Munich, Germany in September 1938, the Western European democracies, unprepared for war, gave away Sudetenland to Germany. 
APPEASEMENT
In March 1939, Hitler took control of Czechoslovakia. 

17. WWII in Europe Begins Hitler-Stalin Pact (1939) Pact of Steel (1939)
Italy and Germany
Hitler invades Poland on Sept 1, 1939.
Blitzkrieg – “Lightning War”
Britain and France declare war on Germany
Neutrality Act of 1939. 
European should buy American war materials as long as they would transport the munitions on their own ships.
Known as Cash and Carry

18. Other territorial gains
Soviet Union took Finland
Germany took Denmark and Norway (1940)
Germany took Netherlands and Belgium

19. Fall of France
Hitler quickly takes Denmark, Norway, Netherlands and Belgium then moves on to France
June 1940, France surrenders to Hitler’s Germany
US realizes that Britain is only thing standing between the US and Hitler
This mobilized the Pres, Congress and Americans that war was eminent

21. German occupation of France

22. U.S. Reaction
Roosevelt moved with tremendous speed to call upon the nation to build huge air fleets and a two-ocean navy. 
Congress approved spending of $37 billion. 
On September 6, 1940, Congress passed a conscription law;
First peacetime draft was initiated
provision was made for training 1.2 million troops and 800,000 reserves each year.
At the Havana Conference of 1940,
responsibility of upholding the Monroe Doctrine.

24. Germany v. Britain August 1940 - The Battle of Britain
Air battle German vs. British planes over Britain
radio broadcasts brought the drama from London air raids directly to America homes.
On September 2, 1940, President Roosevelt agreed to transfer to 50 destroyers left over from WWI to Britain. 
Violated neutrality agreements
In return, Britain agreed to hand over to the United States 8 valuable defensive base sites. 

25. Battle of Britain

26. Election of 1940 Republican – Wendell Willkie Democrat – FDR Both
Dictatorship of FDR
Inefficiency of the New Deal
Democrat – FDR
experience
Both
Stay out of war
Strengthen defenses
Voters felt FDR more prepared for war

27. Lend-Lease Bill Passed fearing the collapse of Britain
American arms could be leased to democracies who needed them.
Abandoned neutrality
Hitler – “unofficial declaration of war”
Robin Moor – merchant ship destroyed by German submarine

29. Germany v. Soviet Union
June 22, 1941, Hitler attacks the Soviet Union. 
Roosevelt made military supplies available to Soviets
Atlantic Conference: August 1941. 
Roosevelt and Churchill
8 points
no territorial changes contrary to the wishes of the inhabitants
it affirmed the right of a people to choose their own form of government
declared for disarmament and a peace of security (a new League of Nations type of organization)  

30. Atlantic Conference

31. Repeal of Neutrality Act
U.S. escorts the shipments of arms to Britain (as far as Iceland)by U.S. warships in July 1941. 
In September 1941, the U.S. destroyer Greer was attacked by U-boat
Roosevelt a then proclaimed a shoot-on-sight policy. 
Congress voted in November 1941 to repeal the Neutrality Act of 1939, enabling merchant ships to be legally armed and enter the combat zones with munitions for Britain.

32. U.S.S Greer

33. “A Day That Will Live in Infamy.”
Japan had been allied with Germany.
Washington imposed the first of its embargoes on Japan-bound supplies in 1940. 
Asked Japan to move out of China
On "Black Sunday" December 7, 1941, Japanese bombers attacked Pearl Harbor, killing 2,348 people. 
On December 11, 1941, Congress declared war.

36. Kamikaze Pilots

37. Declaration of War