1. Roman History (A Quick Trip!)
2013

2. The Beginning
Roman mythology says Aeneas, a warrior from Troy, escaped after the Trojan war and sailed to Italy.
Aeneas’ descendants included Romulus and Remus, the twin brothers who founded Rome

3. Roman History is divided into 3 parts…
The Monarchy (753 BC-509 BC)
Ruled by kings
Tradition says there were 7 kings of Rome:
Romulus ---founder of Rome, raised with brother Remus by a she-wolf, killed Remus
Numa Pompilius
Tullus Hostilius
Ancus Marcius
Tarquinius Priscus
Servius Tullus
Tarquinius Superbus

4. Part 2: The Republic
In 509 BC, King Tarquinius Superbus was overthrown. One of the rebels was named Brutus. The Roman Republic was born.
509 BC-27 BC
Ruled by elected officials and the Senate
Consuls were the highest official per year

5. Republic Heroes: Horatius (500 BC)
Legend says that a man named Horatius Cocles single-handedly defended a bridge across the Tiber River when Rome was under attack!

6. Republic Heroes: Cincinnatus (458 BC)
Cincinnatus was a farmer who was called to serve as dictator during an early Roman war.
He remained dictator only for 16 days, until the war was over---then resigned the dictatorship to go back to farming.
He was a role model of civic duty!

7. Republic Enemies: Hannibal
Hannibal was a famous Carthaginian general who fought against Rome in the 2nd Punic War ( BC)
He is best remembered for leading his troops from north Africa, across Spain, and over the Alps into Italy
He also used war elephants!

8. Republic Heroes: Julius Caesar (100-44 BC)
Julius Caesar was the most famous Roman of all time
He served as general, consul, and dictator of Rome
Military fame for conquering Gaul (France)
Assassinated on the Ides of March, 44 BC

9. Cleopatra: Friend or Enemy?
Cleopatra: the last pharoah of Egypt
She had a relationship with Julius Caesar…and a son, Caesarion
After Caesar’s death she had a relationship with Mark Antony, Caesar’s friend… 3 children (boy/girl twins + 1 boy)
She and Antony opposed Octavian’s claim as Caesar’s heir

10. Part 3: The Empire
After a period of about 100 years of civil war, the Republic collapsed and Octavian became emperor in 27 BC.
1st Emperor: Octavian, aka Augustus
Long list of Roman emperors!
Nero: “fiddled while Rome burned”
Constantine: 1st Christian emperor

11. Matching Terms Senators Equestrians Toga Curia SPQR
Highest class of citizens (aka patricians)
Less status than senators
Men’s formal wear
Senate house
Senate and people of Rome

12. Matching Terms slaves forum clipped beard fibula gladiator
Some downtrodden, some not
Market square
Fashionable, A.D. 130
Brooch, fastens cloaks
Could win freedom in the arena

13. Matching Terms rings fasces lictors procurator Provincial governor
Worn by men and women
An ax in a bundle of rods
Official escorts
Below governor
Senator, commands army