1. The Rise of Radicalism in Europe

2. Learning Goals By the end of this lesson, students will be able to …
define extremism and totalitarianism
explain the differences between Nazism, Communism, and Fascism
explain how Hitler and the Nazi’s were able to gain and maintain power in German

3. A great Depression election
Part I:
A great Depression election

4. The Rise of Radicalism/Extremism
Part II

5. Totalitarianism
Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state (political, military, economy, social, cultural)
Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)
Strict controls and laws
Military state (secret police, army, military)
Censorship (opposing literature and ideas)
Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters)
One leader (dictator); charismatic
Total conformity of people to ideas and leader
Terror and Fear

6. Total Control of State by a Dictator
Black Tuesday
Oct. 29, 1929
Great Depression 1930s
Treaty of Versailles
1919
Totalitarianism
In Germany
Increasing influence of new political parties that emphasize state control
Total Control of State by a Dictator

7. Totalitarianism

8. Communism
I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from
What is Communism?
LEFT WING
based on theory by Karl Marx
revolutionary idea of a political, economic and social system that
creates a “classless society”
state ownership and control of the
means of production (no private
ownership)
Soviet Communism or “Stalinism”, was more of a totalitarian and military state combined with elements
of communism

9. Fascism
I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to 1943.
What is Fascism?
RIGHT WING
intense nationalism and elitism
totalitarian control
interests of the state more important
than individual rights
maintain class system and private
ownership
Interesting Fact: Fascism name was derived from the fasces, an ancient Roman symbol of authority consisting of a bundle of rods and an ax

10. Nazism
I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945.
What is Nazism?
extremely fascist , nationalistic and
totalitarian
based on beliefs of the National Socialist
German Workers Party
belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan,
the “master race”
belief that all Germans should have
“lebensraum” or living space in Europe
Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed
Germany’s problems on them
Interesting fact: the Swastika was originally an ancient symbol meaning ‘it is well,’ and was associated with good fortune, and success.

11. Hitler and Nazi Germany
Part III

12. How did the Nazi’s gain control?
Watch the video ‘Rise of the Nazi’s’
Pay attention to the way in which Hitler and the Nazi’s were able to seize power – was it by force?

13. Nazi Ideology Ideology:
A set of beliefs held by a particular group of people (ex. political party)
Nazi Ideology:
Master Race – aryan (blonde hair, blue eyes)
Anti Semitism – overt racism towards all Jews
Lebensraum – ‘living space’ – need to expand German territory

14. How did the Nazi’s gain and maintain control?
Joseph Goebbels
(Minister of Propaganda)
Hitler became Chancellor in 1933
(2nd in command), and soon gains
emergency powers after a
mysterious fire in the German
Reichstag. . .
Once in power, Hitler’s Nazi Party
used:
Propaganda – radio, film, posters, newspapers, architecture, meetings/rally’s, sports, culture
Military Force
Promises of full employment
Autobahn

15. Nazi Military State GESTAPO: the Secret State Police
SS (Schutzstaffel): Defense Corps “black shirts”, an elite guard unit formed out of the SA
SA (Sturmabteilung): Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" were the new Nazi army
Wehrmacht: Traditional German army
HJ (Hitler Jugend): Hitler Youth
Einstazgruppen: Nazi Death Squad

16. “How fortunate for leaders that men do not think” Adolf Hitler